Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ECG-Based Authentication

  • Chapter
Handbook of Information and Communication Security

Abstract

A biometric system performs template matching of acquired biometric data against template biometric data [17.1]. These biometric data can be acquired from several sources like deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ear, face, facial thermogram, fingerprints, gait, hand geometry, hand veins, iris, keystroke, odor, palm print, retina, signature, voice, etc. According to previous research, DNA, iris and odor provide high measurement for biometric identifiers including universalities, distinctiveness and performance [17.1]. DNA provides a one dimensional ultimate unique code for accurate identification for a person, except for the case of identical twins. In biological terms “Central Dogma” refers to the basic concept that, in nature, genetic information generally flows from the DNA to RNA (ribonucleic acid) to protein. Eventually protein is responsible for the uniqueness provided by other biometric data (finger print, iris, face, retina, etc.). Therefore, it can be inferred that the uniqueness provided by the existing biometric entities is inherited from the uniqueness of DNA. It is imperative to note that shape of the hand or palm print or face or even the shape of particular organs like the heart has distinctive features which can be useful for successful identification. The composition, mechanism and electrical activity of the human heart inherit uniqueness from the individuality of DNA. An electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the electrical activities of the heart. Figure 17.1 shows the inheritance of uniqueness for ECG inherited from the DNA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. A.K. Jain, A. Ross, S. Prabhakar: An introduction to biometric recognition, IEEE Trans. Circuits. Syst. Video 14(0), 4–20 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Biel, O. Petersson, L.P. Philipson Wide: ECG Analysis: a new approach in human identification, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50(3), 808–812 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A.D.C. Chan, M.M. Hamdy, A. Badre, V. Badee: Wavelet distance measure for person identification using electrocardiograms, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57(2), 248–253 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. C.C.Y. Poon, Y.T. Zhang, S.D. Bao: A novel biometric method to secure wireless body area sensor networks for telemedicine and m-Health, IEEE Commun. Mag. 44, 73–81 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. F.M. Bui, D. Hatzinakos: Biometric methods for secure communications in body sensor networks: resource-efficient key management and signal-level data scrambling, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2008, 529879 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Wang, F. Agrafioti, D. Hatzinakos, K. N. Plataniotis: Analysis of human electrocardiogram for biometric recognition, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process., 2008, 148658 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. S.A. Israel, J.M. Irvine, A. Cheng, M.D. Wiederhold, B.K. Wiederhold: ECG to identify individuals, Pattern Recognit. 38(1), 133–142 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.M. Irvine, B.K. Wiederhold, L.W. Gavshon, S.A. Israel, S.B. McGehee, R. Meyer, M.D. Wiederhold: Heart rate variability: a new biometric for human identification, Int. Conf. on Artif. Intell., Las Vegas (2001) pp. 1106–1111

    Google Scholar 

  9. S.A. Israel, W.T. Scruggs, W.J. Worek, J.M. Irvine: Fusing face and ECG for personal identification, Proc. 32nd IEEE Appl. Imagery Pattern Recognit. Workshop (2003), 226–231

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Kyoso, A. Uchiyama: Development of an ECG identification system, Proc. 23rd IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Conf., Vol. 4 (2001) pp. 3721–3723

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Kyoso: A technique for avoiding false acceptance in ECG identification, Proc. IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conf. Biomed. Eng. (2003) pp. 190–191

    Google Scholar 

  12. T.W. Shen, W.J. Tompkins, Y.H. Hu: One-lead ECG for identity verification, Proc. 2nd Joint EMBS/BMES Conf. (2002) pp. 62–63

    Google Scholar 

  13. T.W. Shen: Biometric Identity Verification Based on Electrocardiogram (ECG). Ph.D. Thesis (University of Wisconsin, Madison 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  14. T.W. Shen, W.J. Tompkins: Biometric Statistical Study of One-Lead ECG Features and Body Mass Index (BMI), Proc. 2005 IEEE EMBS Conference, Shanghai (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  15. K.N. Plataniotis, D. Hatzinakos, J.K.M. Lee: ECG biometric recognition without fiducial detection, Proc. Biometrics Symposiums (BSYM), Baltimore (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. Wubbeler, M. Stavridis, D. Kreiseler, R.D.C. Bousseljot Elster: Verification of humans using the electrocardiogram, Pattern Recognit. Lett. 28(0), 1172–2275 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. F. Sufi, I. Khalil, I. Habib: Polynomial distance measurement for ECG based biometric authentication, Security and Communication Networks (Wiley Interscience), DOI 10.1002/sec.76 (Accepted and published online 3 Dec 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  18. F. Sufi, I. Khalil, An Automated Patient Authentication System for Remote Telecardiology, The fourth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP 2008, Melbourne (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Gabriel Khan: Rapid ECG Interpretation, 2nd edn. (Saunders, Philadelphia, PA 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  20. H.-W. Chiu, T. Kao: A mathematical model for autonomic control of heart rate variation, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 20(2), 69–76 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Malik, T. Farrell, T. Cripps, A. Camm: Heart rate variability in relation to prognosis after myocardial infarction: selection of optimal processing techniques, Eur. Heart J. 10(0), 1060–1074 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Kumar, M. Weippert, R. Vilbrandt, S. Kreuzfeld, R. Stoll: Fuzzy evaluation of heart rate signals for mental stress assessment, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 15(5), 791–808 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. O. Meste, B. Khaddoumi, G. Blain, S. Bermon: Time-varying analysis methods and models for the respiratory and cardiac system coupling in graded exercise, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 52(11) 1921–1930 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Phua, T.H. Dat, J. Chen, L. Shue: Human identification using heart sound, 2nd Int. Workshop on Multimodal User Athentication (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  25. I. Khalil, F. Sufi: Legendre Polynomials Based Biometric Authentication Using QRS Complex of ECG, 4th Int. Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP 2008, Melbourne (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  26. F. Sufi, S.S. Mahmoud, I. Khalil: A novel wavelet packet-based anti-spoofing technique to secure ECG data, Int. J. Biom. 1(2), 191–208 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Sufi, I. Khalil: Enforcing Secured ECG Transmission for realtime Telemonitoring: A joint encoding, compression, encryption mechanism, Secur. Comput. Netw. 1(5), 389–405 (2008), doi: 10.1002/sec.44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. F. Sufi, I. Khalil: A new feature detection mechanism and its application in secured ECG transmission with noise masking, J. Med. Syst. (2008), doi: 10.1007/s10916-008-9172-6

    Google Scholar 

  29. K. Nandakumar, A.K. Jain, S. Pankanti: Fingerprint-based fuzzy vault: implementation and performance, IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 2(4), 744–757 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K.-A. Toh, X. Jiang, W.-Y. Yau: Exploiting global and local decisions for multimodal biometrics verification, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 52(10), 3059–3072 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J.P. Martinez, R. Almeida, S. Olmos, A.P. Rocha, P. Laguna: A wavelet-based ECG delineator: evaluation on standard databases, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51(4), 570–581 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Sörnmo, P. Laguna: Bioelectrical Signal Processing in Cardiac and Neurological Applications (Elsevier, Amsterdam 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  33. P. Phillips, P. Grother, R. Micheals, D. BoneBlackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone: Facial recognition vendor test 2002, Evaluation report, March 2003, available online at http://www.frvt.org/

  34. D. Maio, D. Maltoni, R. Cappelli, J.L. Wayman, A.K. Jain: FVC2004: Third fingerprint verification competition, Proc. 1st Int. Conference on Biometric Aunthentication, Vol. 3072 (2004) pp. 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  35. F. Sufi, S. Mahmoud, I. Khalil: A New Obfuscation Method: A Joint Feature Extraction & Corruption Approach, 5th Int. Conference on Information Technology and Application in Biomedicine, Shenzhen, China, May (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Poli, S. Cagnoni, G. Valli: Genetic Design of Optimum Linear and Nonlinear QRS Detectors, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 42(11), 1137–1141 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. T.H. Linh, S. Osowski, M. Stodolski: On-line heart beat recognition using hermite polynomials and neuro-fuzzy network, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52(4), 1224–1231 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. F. Sufi, S. Mahmoud, I. Khalil: A Wavelet based Secured ECG Distribution Technique for Patient Centric Approach, 5th Int. Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, Hong Kong, China (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and IT, RMIT University, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Fahim Sufi, Ibrahim Khalil & Jiankun Hu

Authors
  1. Fahim Sufi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ibrahim Khalil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jiankun Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Technical University of Crete, 73132, Chania, Crete, Greece

    Peter Stavroulakis

  2. Dept. Computer Science, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, 95192, San Jose, CA, USA

    Mark Stamp

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sufi, F., Khalil, I., Hu, J. (2010). ECG-Based Authentication. In: Stavroulakis, P., Stamp, M. (eds) Handbook of Information and Communication Security. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04117-4_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04117-4_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04116-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04117-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation