Abstract
In this paper we provide the first side-channel analysis of the K2 stream cipher. K2 is a fast and secure stream cipher built upon the strengths of SNOW 2.0. We apply timing attacks, power analysis, and differential fault analysis to K2. We show that naively implemented K2 is vulnerable to cache-timing attacks, and describe how to implement efficient countermeasures to protect K2 against side-channel attacks in hardware and software.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aigner, M., Oswald, E.: Oswald: Power analysis tutorial. Technical report, Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communication, University of Technology Graz - Seminar (2001)
Biham, E., Shamir, A.: Differential fault analysis of secret key cryptosystems. In: Kaliski Jr., B.S. (ed.) CRYPTO 1997. LNCS, vol. 1294, pp. 513–525. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Chari, S., Rao, J.R., Rohatgi, P.: Template attacks. In: Jr., et al [11], pp. 13–28
Chen, K., Henricksen, M., Millan, W., Fuller, J., Simpson, L., Dawson, E., Lee, H., Moon, S.: Dragon: A fast word based stream cipher. In: Park, C.-s., Chee, S. (eds.) ICISC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3506, pp. 33–50. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Courtois, N., Pieprzyk, J.: Cryptanalysis of block ciphers with overdefined systems of equations. In: Zheng, Y. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2501, pp. 267–287. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Ekdahl, P., Johansson, T.: A new version of the stream cipher SNOW. In: Nyberg, K., Heys, H.M. (eds.) SAC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2595, pp. 47–61. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Gierlichs, B., Batina, L., Clavier, C., Eisenbarth, T., Gouget, A., Handschuh, H., Kasper, T., Lemke-Rust, K., Mangard, S., Moradi, A., Oswald, E.: Susceptibility of eSTREAM candidates towards side channel analysis. In: Proceedings of SASC 2008, Lausanne, Switzerland, February 2008, pp. 123–150 (2008); Special Workshop hosted by the ECRYPT Network of Excellence. Proceedings available at, http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stvl/sasc2008/
Gueron, S.: Intel’s new AES instructions for enhanced performance and security. In: Dunkelman, O. (ed.) FSE 2009. LNCS, vol. 5665, pp. 51–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Hoch, J.J.: Fault analysis of stream ciphers. Master’s thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science (2005)
Hoch, J.J., Shamir, A.: Fault analysis of stream ciphers. In: Joye, M., Quisquater, J.-J. (eds.) CHES 2004. LNCS, vol. 3156, pp. 240–253. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Kaliski Jr., B.S., Koç, Ç.K., Paar, C. (eds.): CHES 2002. LNCS, vol. 2523. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Kiyomoto, S., Tanaka, T., Sakurai, K.: K2: A stream cipher algorithm using dynamic feedback control. In: SECRYPT 2007, International conference on Security and Cryptography, Barcelona, Spain, July 28-31 (2007)
Kocher, P.C., Jaffe, J., Jun, B.: Differential power analysis. In: Wiener, M. J. (ed.) CRYPTO 1999. LNCS, vol. 1666, pp. 388–397. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Leander, G., Zenner, E., Hawkes, P.: Cache Timing Analysis of LFSR-based Stream Ciphers. In: Twelfth IMA International Conference on Cryptography and Coding, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK (December 2009)
Matsui, M.: Linear cryptanalysis method for DES cipher. In: Helleseth, T. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1993. LNCS, vol. 765, pp. 386–397. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Rechberger, C., Oswald, E.: Stream ciphers and side-channel analysis. In: SASC 2004, The State of the Art of Stream Ciphers, Bruges, Belgium, pp. 320–326 (2004)
Skorobogatov, S.P., Anderson, R.J.: Optical fault induction attacks. In: Jr., et al [11], pp. 2–12
Wu, H.: The stream cipher HC-256. In: Roy, B. K., Meier, W. (eds.) FSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3017, pp. 226–244. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Zenner, E.: A Cache Timing Analysis of HC-256. In: Avanzi, R.M., Keliher, L., Sica, F. (eds.) SAC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5381, pp. 199–213. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Zenner, E.: Cache timing analysis of eStream finalists. In: Dagstuhl Seminar on Symmetric Cryptography 2009 (January 2009), www.erikzenner.name/docs/2009_Dagstuhl_Talk.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Henricksen, M., Yap, W.S., Yian, C.H., Kiyomoto, S., Tanaka, T. (2010). Side-Channel Analysis of the K2 Stream Cipher. In: Steinfeld, R., Hawkes, P. (eds) Information Security and Privacy. ACISP 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6168. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14081-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14081-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14080-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14081-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)