Synonyms
Somatotropin release-inhibiting factor; SRIF
Definition
Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS), in endocrine tissues, and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The 14 amino acid peptide, somatostatin (SRIF-14), was first identified and isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts by Guillemin and collaborators (Brazeau et al. 1973) during their search of GHRH hormone/growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone, instead they identified SRIF as a potent inhibitor of growth hormone release from the pituitary. Subsequently, a longer N-terminally extended form (SRIF-28) was identified in the periphery, both deriving from the same prepropeptide.
Pharmacological Properties
Introduction
About 20 years later, a rat neuropeptide with strong homology to SRIF was identified, cloned, and named cortistatin (CST) due to its supposed brain selective expression; however, CST is also present in the periphery. In rodents, CST is a tetradecapeptide...
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Hoyer, D., Epelbaum, J., Viollet, C. (2015). Somatostatin. In: Stolerman, I.P., Price, L.H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_309
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_309
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