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Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Virus Infections

  • Chapter
Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 267))

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide with an estimated 30,000–50,000 cases annually (Solomon 2000). The geographical area affected by the virus is expanding, and despite the availability of vaccines, JE is a growing public health problem (Tsai 2000; Vaughn and Hoke 1992). The closely related West Nile (WN) virus is the most widely distributed member of the JE virus complex of flaviviruses. Until recently it was considered to be a relatively benign virus, causing epidemics of a fever—arthralgia—rash syndrome, and only occasional central nervous system (CNS) disease (Solomon and Cardosa 2000). However, its importance has grown with recent outbreaks of West Nile encephalitis (WNE) in Romania and New York (Anonymous 1999; Tsai et al. 1998). For both JE and WN viruses the number of people who present with clinical features represents only a small proportion of those infected. In addition, both diseases have a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from a nonspecific febrile illness to a severe meningoencephalomyelitis (inflammation of the meninges, brain matter, and spinal cord). In this chapter, we will look at factors that determine who, of all those infected with JE or WN virus, develops disease. Secondly we will describe the clinical features of infection with JE and WN viruses and consider the extent to which pathophysiological and pathological studies explain these features. Finally we will consider the diagnosis and management of JE and WNE and the prospects for future therapies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Sciences, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK

    T. Solomon

  2. Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Medical Research, Building 503, Robert Grant Road, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA

    D. W. Vaughn

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  1. T. Solomon
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  2. D. W. Vaughn
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    John S. Mackenzie

  2. Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch of Galveston, Galveston, 77555-0605, USA

    Alan D. T. Barrett

  3. Centre de Recherche Mérieux Pasteur à Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365, Lyon cedex 7, France

    Vincent Deubel

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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Solomon, T., Vaughn, D.W. (2002). Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Virus Infections. In: Mackenzie, J.S., Barrett, A.D.T., Deubel, V. (eds) Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 267. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59403-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59403-8_9

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