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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 236))

Abstract

Mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, the digestive and urogenital tracts, and the airways are protected against environmental pathogens by innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. Innate defense involves physical, chemical and cellular factors. Entrapment of pathogens in mucus facilitates their clearance by peristalsis in the gut and ciliary movement in the airways. The longitudinal flow of fluids across the epithelial layer mediated by chloride channels helps to flush away microorganisms and prevent their attachment to the epithelial cell surface. The apical cell surface-associated glycocalyx, which consists of a dense network of glycoproteins, also limits the access of pathogens to the epithelial surface. Chemical factors (lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase and defensins) secreted by specialized epithelial cells, such as the Paneth cells in the crypts of the small intestine, gastric acid and intestinal hydrolases (proteases, lipases, nucleases) constitute an efficient defense mechanism.

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Corthesy, B., Kraehenbuhl, JP. (1999). Antibody-Mediated Protection of Mucosal Surfaces. In: Kraehenbuhl, JP., Neutra, M.R. (eds) Defense of Mucosal Surfaces: Pathogenesis, Immunity and Vaccines. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 236. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59951-4_6

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