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The Study of Time

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The Study of Time

Abstract

This essay is a retrospective look at the proceedings in the context of the large-scale questions which prompted the whole venture.

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References

  1. For a summary of the most notable suggestions in this respect see The Voices of Time (ed. by J. T. Fraser). New York: Braziller 1966, p. 597, Note 5. This work will be abbreviated in subsequent references as The Voices.

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  2. The Voices, p. xxi. This “unity of time” is to be distinguished from that of Aristotle, meaning the identity of dramatic and real time and that of Heidegger, meaning the coexistence of permanence and change.

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  3. On the Unity of Time essay review in Science 152 (1966) 632.

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  4. G. J. Whitrow: The Natural Philosophy of Time. London: Nelson 1961. This work will be abbreviated in subsequent references as Nat. Phil. Time.

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  5. The Voices, p. 202 H.

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  6. On this see K. Gödel: A Remark about the Relationship Between Relativity Theory and Idealistic Philosophy. In: Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, ed. by P. A. Sdiilpp. New York: Tudor 1949, p. 557.

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  7. Cf. a discussion on the asymmetry in the physical determinism of the here-then. In: J. T. Fraser: Time as a Hierarchy of Creative Conflicts. Studium Generale 23 (1970) 620ff. This work will be abbreviated in subsequent references as Time as Conflict.

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  8. See e. g. A. Grünbaum: The Status of Temporal Becoming. In: The Philosophy of Time (ed. by R. M. Gale). New York: Doubleday 1967, p. 322.

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  12. For references to Mircea Eliade in this paragraph see his Time and Eternity in Indian Thought. In: Man and Time (ed. by J. Campbell). New York: Pantheon Books 1957, p. 173.

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  13. Grünbaum, op. cit. and O. Costa de Beauregard in The Voices, p. 417.

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  17. Time as a Hierarchy… 607 ff., 688 ff.

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  18. This view is at variance with that taken by Henryk Mehlberg in: Philosophical Aspects of Physical Time. The Monist 53, 3 (1969) 340.

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  20. The impossibility of “time travel” suggests some fundamental connections between free will and time. Time as Conflict, p. 676 Note 116.

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  21. Regarding the former (a world of pure radiation) see J. T. Fraser: The Interdisciplinary Study of Time. In: Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Time (ed. by Roland Fischer). New York: N. Y. Acad. Sci., Annals, v. 138, Art. 2 (1967), p. 837.

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  25. For a discussion on the experience of timelessness see Time as Conflict… p. 647, and p. 684 ff. Whether what psychologists regard as regression in the service of the ego is a defense mechanism or a return to a healthy state is a veritable dilemma of civilizations, conjoining psychology, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and the study of time.

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  26. G. G. Luce: Biological Rhythms in Psychiatry and Medicine. Chevy Chase. Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health, (1970) is a valuable summary of its subject.

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  27. For a statement and discussion of the controversy see J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson: Rhythmic Activity in Animal Physiology and Behavior. New York: Academic Press 1961, p. 5 and passim.

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  28. I am referring to the debate of “biotonic laws”, a neologism coined by W. M. Elsasser: The Physical Foundations of Biology. London: Pergamon Press 1958. For details and references see Time as Conflict… p. 630–1.

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  31. It is generally accepted that the physiology of short term memory processes is different from those which bring about long term memory traces. On this see E. Roy John: Mechanism of Memory. New York: Academic Press 1967.

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  32. I have attempted to derive a universal and empirical definition of event from the spectrum of simultaneities one finds in physics, biology and psychology. In: Time as Conflict… p. 617 and passim.

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  33. For a detailed exposition of these views see the chapter on Death, Time and Eternity and passim in Norman O. Brown: Life against Death. New York: Random House, 1959. Also, Time as Conflict… pp. 643–7.

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  34. See e. g. the work of Erik H. Erikson, especially Identity and the Life Cycle, New York: International University Press 1967 and Identity, Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton 1968.

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  35. G. W.F. Hegel: The Phenomenology of Mind. New York: Humanities Press 1966, p. 104.

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  36. E. Voegelin: On Classical Studies. (Paper prepared for the Jerome Lecture Committee Conference, Rome, 1971. Private Communication.)

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  37. J. E. Orme: Time, Experience and Behaviour. New York: American Elseviwer, 1969, Chapter 4.

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  38. See Part II of the article TIME in International Enc. of the Social Sciences. MacMillan and the Free Press, 1968. v. 16. Also, relevant publications of the Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.

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  39. Nat. Phil. Time, p. 1.

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  40. The Voices, p. 157.

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  41. Joseph Needham: Mechanistic Biology and the Religious Consciousness. In: Science, Religion and Reality (ed. by J. Needham). New York: Braziller 1955, p. 225.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.O. Box 164, Pleasantville, N.Y., 10570, USA

    Dr. J. T. Fraser

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  1. Dr. J. T. Fraser
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. P. O. Box 164, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA

    J. T. Fraser

  2. Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA

    F. C. Haber (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Mathematisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-6900, Heidelberg, West Germany

    G. H. Müller (Professor) (Professor)

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© 1972 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg

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Fraser, J.T. (1972). The Study of Time. In: Fraser, J.T., Haber, F.C., Müller, G.H. (eds) The Study of Time. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65387-2_33

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65387-2_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65389-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65387-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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