Abstract
The evidence establishing the existence of a continuous, unfrozen water phase that separates ice from the mineral or organic matrix in frozen soils has come from many sources and is now widely accepted (e.g., Anderson, 1963; Lovell, 1957; Martynov, 1959; Miller, 1963; Nersesova and Tsytovich, 1963; Williams, 1964c). Questions regarding such things as the mobility of the interfacial water, the nature of the ice phase and the factors governing the quantity of water remaining unfrozen under given conditions have been answered, at least in qualitative terms. The unfrozen, interfacial water possesses the properties of a liquid, and water molecules, ions and solutes are freely mobile in this zone (e.g., Ducros and Dupont, 1962; Graham et al., 1964; Hecht et al., 1966; Hoekstra and Chamberlain, 1964; Hoekstra, 1965). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show decreasing, but significant molecular mobility down to -40° C. Although it was once claimed that anomalous ice phases might exist in frozen soil, in all instances so far reported the ice formed is normal, hexagonal ice I (Anderson and Hoekstra, 1965 a).
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Anderson, D.M., Tice, A.R. (1973). The Unfrozen Interfacial Phase in Frozen Soil Water Systems. In: Hadas, A., Swartzendruber, D., Rijtema, P.E., Fuchs, M., Yaron, B. (eds) Physical Aspects of Soil Water and Salts in Ecosystems. Ecological Studies, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65523-4_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65523-4_12
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