Skip to main content

Humus of Virgin and Cultivated Soils

  • Chapter
Soil Components

Abstract

The manifold importance of organic matter in soil formation and soil fertility has been demonstrated by the experience of agriculture over many centuries and by numerous investigations, in which the role of organic matter in soil processes (weathering, soil profile formation, soil structure formation, etc.) as well as in supplying plants with nutrients and biologically active substances has been elucidated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aliev, S. A ., 1956. Reserves of humus and nitrogen in soils of Azerbaidzhán. Pochvovedenie, 9:55. Bachelier, G., 1963. Influence du climat sur les processus pedobiologiques de Thumification et de la deshumification. Pedobiologia B. 2, H-2:153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranovskaya, A. V ., 1952. Characteristics of humus accumulation and humus composition in soils of the Komi ASSR. Trudy Komi Fit. Acad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geogr. No. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazilevich, N. I ., 1962. Exchange of mineral elements in various types of steppes and meadows on chernozem soils, chestnut soils and solonetses. In:“Problems of soil science” (“Problemy pochvovedeniya”) Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’chikova, N. P ., 1948. Changes in the content and composition of organic matter of serozem with long-term application of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers. Pochvovedenie, 1:39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’chikova, N. P ., 1951. Some regularities in the content and composition of humus and in the properties of humic acids in the main soil groups of the U.S.S.R. Trudy Pochv. Inst. Dokuchaeva, 38:33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burges, A., 1960. Physico-chemical investigations of humic acids. Trans. 7th Intern. Congr. Soil Sci., Madison, 2:128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecconi, S., and M. Tellini, 1954. The relationship between humic acids and fulvic acids in various soil types. Ann. Chim. Roma 44:943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cernescu, N., and M. Cicotti, 1964. The H/F ratio in relation to V and pH values of zonal soils, Stiinta Sol., 2:21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniliuc, D., 1957. Humus composition in different types of soil. Comun. Acad. Rep. Pop. Rom. 7:979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dokuchaev, V. V ., 1883. Russian Chernozem (Ruskii chernozem) SPb (1883).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dokuchaev, V. V ., 1949. Collected papers (Sochineniya). V. 1 Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchaufour, P., and Y. Dommergues, 1963. A study of the humic compounds of some tropical and sub-tropical soils. Afr. Soils 8, No. 1, 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudal, R., 1963. Dark clay soils of tropical and subtropical regions. Soil Sci. 95:264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edigarova, N. N ., 1955. Soil organic matter in western part of Shirvanskaya steppe. Trudy Inst. Pochvoued. Agrokhim. Akad. Nauk Azerbaidzhan SSR 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emel’yanov, I. I., 1953. Geographical characteristics of humus formation in soils of Kazakhstan. Pochvovedenie, 9:40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emel’yanov, I. I., 1956. Composition and characteristics of organic matter in soils of Kazakhstan. Trudy Inst. Pochvoved. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR 6:180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finck, A . 1963. Tropische Böden. Einfuhrung in die bodenkundlichen Grundlagen tropischer und subtropischer Landwirtschaft. Hamburg-Berlin:Verlag Paul Parey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fridland, V. M ., 1964. Soils and weathering crusts of humid sub-tropics (Pochvy i kory vyvietrivaniya vlazhnykh subtropikov) Izd. Nauka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerasimov, I. P ., 1959. An outline of physical geography of foreign countries (Ocherki po fizicheskii geografii zarubiezhnykh stran). Geografiz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glotova, T. V., 1956. The organic matter of chestnut and estuarine soils of the arid southeast of the U.S.S.R. Pochvovedenie 6:45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorbunov, N. I., 1948. The absorption capacity of soils and its nature (PogoItitel’naya sposobnost’ pochv i ee priroda) Sel’khozgiz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenland. D ., 1965. Interaction between clays and organic compounds in soils. Soil Fertilizers, 28:415, 521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargitai, L., 1955. Comparative investigations by optical methods of organic matter in different soil types. Agrärtud. Egyet. Agron. Kaz Kiad. 2, No. 10, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, E ., 1893. Über den Einfiuss des Klimas auf die Bildung und Zusammensetzung des Bodens, Forschn Geb. Agrik Phys. B. 16 Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, E., 1906. Soils, their formation, properties, composition and relations to climate and plant growth in the humid and arid regions, New York-London:Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, F ., 1964. Farbmessungen an Humin-und Fulvosäuren. Arch. Forstw. B 13, H. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilovaiskaya, N. N., 1959. Organic matter of the main soil types in Tadzhikistan. Pochvovedenie 8:15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imshenetskii, A. A ., 1944. Microbiological processes at high temperature (Mikrobiologicheskie protsessy pri vysokoi temperature). Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jagnow, G., 1971. The effect of altitude, precipitation and cultivation on the organic carbon and nitrogen content of East African soils. Transactions of the Intern. Symposium “Humus et Planta V,” p. 381, Prague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 1964. Volcanic ash soils in Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenny, H., 1941. Factors of soil formation. New York:McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenny, H., 1965. Bodenstickstoff und seine Abhängigkeit von Zustandsfaktoren. Z. Pflanzenernahrung, Düng. u. Bodenkunde 109, 97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanno, I ., 1962. Genesis and classification of humic allophane soil in Japan. Trans. Intern. Soil Sei. Conf. Comm. IV & V. New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karavaeva, N. A., and V. O. Targul’yan, 1960. Characteristics of humus distribution in the tundra soils of Northern Yakutiya. Pochvovedenie 12:36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasatochkin, V. I., 1951. The structure of carbonized substances. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. tekh. Nauk No. 9 & ibid. No. 10 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasatochkin, V. I., M. M. Kononova, N. K. Larina, and O. I. Jgorova, 1964. Spectral and X-ray investigations of the chemical structure of humic substances in soils. Trans. 8th Intern. Congr. Soil Sci. 3:81 Bucarest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavaguchi, K., and K. Kyuma, 1959. Quantitative investigation of the soil humus composition. J. Sei. Soil Tokyo 29:527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononova, M. M., 1951. The problem of soil humus and contemporary tasks of its study (Problema pochvennogo gumusa i sovremennye zadachi ego izucheniya). Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononova, M. M., 1963. Soil organic matter. Its nature, properties and methods of investigation. (Organicheskoe veshchestvo pochvy. Ego priroda, svoistva i me tody izucheniya). Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononova, M. M., 1966. Soil organic matter. 2nd English edition. Oxford:Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononova, M. M., and N. P. Bel’chikova, 1961. Rapid methods of determining the humus composition of mineral soils. Pochvovedenie 10:75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononova, M. M., and N. A. Titova, 1961. Use of paper electrophoresis in fractionating soil humus substances and studying their complex compounds with iron. Pochvovedenie 11:81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka, J., 1953. Studies on the relationship between soil types and forms of soil humus. Nat. Inst. Agric. Sei. Tokyo Bull. 2:49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosheleva, I. T., and A. S. Tolstukhina, 1957. Improvement of the soils adjoining the northern reaches of the Ob River. Pochvovedenie 2:12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostychev, P. A., 1949. Soils of chernozem region in Russia, P. 1. Formation of chernozem (Pochvy chernozemnoi oblasti Rossii, ch. 1. Obrazovanie chernozema) (1886). See also Sel’khozgiz (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kr’stanov, S., 1963. Organic matter in the main soil types. Jubilee collection of papers on the 50th anniversary of Bulgarian Soil Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukharenko, T. A., 1955. The present state of our knowledge on the structure and properties of humic acids of mineral coals. Trudy Inst, goyruch. Iskopaem. 5:11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumada, K., 1955. Elementary composition of humic acids. Soil and Plant Food 1:75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyuma, K., and K. Kawaguchi, 1964. Oxidative changes of polyphenols as influenced by allophane. Proc. Soil Sei. Soc. Amer. 28:371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobova, E. V., 1960. Soils of the arid zone of the U.S.S.R. (Pochvy pustynnoi zony SSSR) Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishustin, S. N., 1956. Micro-organisms and soil fertility (Mikroorganismy i plodorodie pochv). Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musierowicz, A., Z. Czerminski, J. Skorupska, and J. Sytek, 1965. Fractionation of soil humus compounds using Tyurin’s method and pyrophosphate method of Kononova and Bel’chikova. Roczn. Nauk. rol. 92, Ser. A, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musierowicz, A., and J. Sytek, 1964. Fractionation of humus compounds from forest soils developed from loss. Roczn. Nauk rol. 89, Ser. A., 3:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemecek, I., and F. Pospisil, 1966. Humus content and fractional composition of humus substances of the main soil types in Czechoslovakia. Pochvovedenie 8:45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyu Tszi-ven’, 1961. The nature of humus in soils of the tropics and humid sub-tropics. Pochvovedenie 5:34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlov, D. S., and E. I. Gorshkova, 1965. Size and form of the particles of humic acids from chernozem and sod-podzolic soils. Nauch. Dokl. vyssh. Shkloly, Biol. Nauki No. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelisek, J., 1962. Die vertikale Zonalität der Humusverhälnisse in den Waldgebieten der Tshecho-slovakischen sozialistischen Republik, “Studies about humus” Symp. “Humus and Plant” Naklad Ceskoslov. Akad. ved, Prahe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponomareva, V. V., 1956. Humus of takyrs. In “Takyrs of Western Turkmeniya and ways of reclaiming them for agriculture” (“Takyry Zapadnoi Turkmenii i puti ikh sel’skokhozyaistvennogo osvoeniya”). Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponomareva, V. V., 1964. The theory of podzol-forming process (Teoriya podzoloobrazovatel’nogo prozessa) Izd. Nauka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodin, L. E., and N. I. Bazilevich, 1964. Biological productivity of the main types of vegetation of Northern Hemisphere of the Old World. Dokl. Acad. Nauk. SSSR 157:215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salfeld, J., 1971. Optical measurements on humic systems. Transactions of the Intern. Symposium “Humus et Planta V,” p. 257, Prague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer, F., 1954. Neuere Erkenntnisse in der Humusforschung, Trans. 5th Intern. Congr. Soil Sei., Leopoldville 1, 208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer, F., and B. Ulrich, 1960. “Humus und Humusdüngung, Bd. 1, Morphologie, Chemie und Dynamik des Humus”. Stuttgart (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. 1954. A study of the black cotton soils with special reference to their coloration. J. Soil Sci. 5:289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S., 1956. The formation of dark-colored clay-organic complexes in black soils. J. Soil Sei. 7:43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov, I. A., and N. I. Belousova, 1964. Organic matter in soils of Kamchatka and some problems of illuvial-humus soil formation. Pochvovedenie 10:25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyurin, I. V., 1937. Soil organic matter and its role in soil formation and soil fertility (Organicheskoe veshchestvo pochvy i ego rol’ v pochvoobrazovanii i plodorodii). Sel’khozgiz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyurin, I. V., 1949. Geographical characteristics of humus formation (Geograficheskie zakonomernosti gumusoobrazovaniya). Proceedings of the Jubilee session commemorating hundred anniversary of Dokuchaev’s birth. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyurin, I. V., 1951. Analytical procedure for a comparative study of soil humus. Trudy pochv. Inst. Dokuchaeva 38:5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyurin, I. V., 1965. Soil organic matter and its role in soil fertility (“Organicheskoe veshchestvo pochvy i ego roV v, plodorodii” ). Izd. “Nauka.”

    Google Scholar 

  • Vintilä, J., A. Chiriac, and J. Bajescu, 1963. Date privind reservele de humus, azot si fosfor ale soluriror cu folosinta agricola din sudal R.P.R. Anal. Inst. Cere agric. Sec. Pedol. 21:101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volobuev, V. R., 1948. Changes in the humus content in soils of the U.S.S.R. in relation to climatic conditions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 60:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volobuev, V. R ., 1958. Studies of the relationship between soil and hydrology. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSR, Ser. geogr. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volobuev, V. R., 1962. Application of graphical methods in studying the composition of humus of the main soil types in the U.S.S.R. Pochvovedenie 1:3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, S. A ., 1936. Humus, Origin, Chemical Composition, and Importance in Nature. London:Baillie’re, Tindall and Cox.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, S. A., and F. Gerretsen, 1931. Influence of temperature and moisture upon the nature and extent of decomposition of plant residues by micro-organisms. Ecology, 12:33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welte, E., 1955. Neuere Ergebnisse der Humusforschung. Agnew. Chem. 67:153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesemüller, W ., 1965. Untersuchungen über die Fraktionierung der organischen Bodensubstanz, AIbrech-Thaer-Arch. B.9, H.5:419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollny, E., 1886. Untersuchungen über die Zersetzung der organischen Substanzen. J. landw. Vers Sta. 34:213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonn, S. V., 1964. The main types of soil formation in mountain tropical regions of south-eastern Asia. In “Genesis and geography of soils in foreign countries according to investigations of Soviet geographers” (“Genezis i geografiya pochv zarubezhnykh stran po issledovaniyam sovetskikh geografov”). Izd. Nauka.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kononova, M.M. (1975). Humus of Virgin and Cultivated Soils. In: Gieseking, J.E. (eds) Soil Components. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65915-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65915-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-06861-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65915-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics