Abstract
For most plants in their natural environment, nitrate is the immediate source of nitrogen. This nitrate must be converted to ammonia before it is combined with carbon compounds to form the various nitrogenous components of the cell. Since the nitrogen of nitrate has a formal charge of +5, whereas the nitrogen of ammonia has a formal charge of −3, an 8-electron reduction is required to convert nitrate to ammonia. This occurs in two steps. First, nitrate is reduced to nitrite in a 2-electron reduction catalyzed by the enzyme nitrate reductase, a flavoprotein containing heme and molybdenum. After many early efforts to identify intermediates in the further reduction of nitrite to ammonia, a consensus has been reached that this 6-electron reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme, the ironprotein nitrite reductase, without liberation of free intermediates (Hewitt, 1975; Losada, 1976a; Zumft, 1976).
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Vennesland, B., Guerrero, M.G. (1979). Reduction of Nitrate and Nitrite. In: Gibbs, M., Latzko, E. (eds) Photosynthesis II. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67242-2_33
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