Zusammenfassung
Emil Kraepelin (1919) unterschied in seiner Klassifikation psychiatrischer Erkrankungen von 1896 die „Dementia praecox“— später von Bleuler als Schizophrenie bezeichnet — von den affektiven Psychosen. Er, Bleuler (1916), Alzheimer (1897) u.a. nahmen an, daß sich spezifische regionale neuropathologische Substrate finden lassen, die dem schizophrenen Syndrom zugrunde liegen. Trotz kontinuierlicher neuropathologischer Forschung über 76 Jahre hinweg konnte(n) keine pathognomonische(n) „Läsion(en) “gefunden werden (Stevens 1973). Kürzlich jedoch zeigten Stevens (1982), Bogerts et al. (1985), Brown et al. (1986) sowie Benes et al. (1986) mit modernen quantitativen Methoden sowohl mikroskopische als auch makroskopische neuroanatomische Veränderungen in den Gehirnen Schizophrener. Diese neuropathologische Forschung erhielt neue Impulse durch strukturelle bildgebende Verfahren am Gehirn (kraniale Computertomographie, CT; Kernspintomographie, MRI), die in überzeugender Weise morphologische Veränderungen bei chronisch Schizophrenen gezeigt haben (Owens et al. 1985; Andreasen et al. 1986; Nasrallah et al. 1986; Besson et al. 1987). Es ist jedoch unklar, wie diese strukturellen Veränderungen zur Schizophrenie disponieren oder welche Rolle sie in der Pathophysiologie der Schizophrenie spielen. Störfaktoren, die in keiner Beziehung zum primären Krankheitsprozeß stehen, wie Ernährung, neuroleptische Therapie und die Auswirkungen der Hospitalisierung, könnten z. T. sekundär zu einer Gewebsverminderung führen.
Die Herausgeber danken Frau Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Christine Kaschka-Dierich für die sorgfältige Übertragung dieser Arbeit aus dem Englischen.
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Pahl, J.J. et al. (1988). Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) in der Schizophrenieforschung: 1980–1987. In: Kaschka, W.P., Joraschky, P., Lungershausen, E. (eds) Die Schizophrenien. Tropon-Symposium, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83488-2_4
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