Abstract
Chitin is considered the second most plentiful organic resource on the earth next to cellulose, and is present in marine invertebrates, insects, fungi and yeasts. Chitin is essentially a homopolymer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose, although some of the glucopyranose residues are in the deacetylated form as 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose. When chitin is further deacetylated to about 50% it becomes soluble in dilute acids and is referred to as chitosan. Thus chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, although the N-deacetylation is almost never complete. There is not a sharp boundary in the nomenclature distinguishing chitin from chitosan. Chitin does occur in nature in the fully acetylated form and has been referred to as chitan [1]. Chitosan rarely occurs in nature, but is found in the dimorphic fungus, Mucor rouxii [2]. Its occurrence in Mucor rouxii is via the enzymatic deacetylation of chitin.
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Hudson, S.M., Smith, C. (1998). Polysaccharides: Chitin and Chitosan: Chemistry and Technology of Their Use As Structural Materials. In: Kaplan, D.L. (eds) Biopolymers from Renewable Resources. Macromolecular Systems — Materials Approach. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03680-8_4
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