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Characterization of Zeolites — Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction

  • Chapter
Catalysis and Zeolites

Abstract

A number of spectroscopic techniques are advantageously used to characterize zeolites and/or zeolite-adsorbate systems. The general feature of all of these techniques is the following one. A sample, which is built up from quantum mechanical systems (e. g., electrons, nuclei, atoms, molecules), is exposed to radiation. The quantum mechanical systems absorb (or emit) certain radiation quanta according to certain quantum mechanical transitions. These transitions occur between discrete energy levels which are described by the stationary Schroedinger equation.

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Abbreviations

2D:

two-dimensional

Alf :

framework aluminum

Alnf :

non-framework aluminum

AlPO4 :

aluminophosphate

CAW:

calcium tungstate aluminum sodalite

COSY:

correlation spectroscopy

CP:

cross-polarization

CRAMPS:

combined rotational and multiple-pulse spectroscopy

DOR:

double oriented rotation

DRIFT:

diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy

DRS:

diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

D4R:

double four ring

D6R:

double six ring

ESR:

electron spin resonance

F1:

frequency domain 1 of a two-dimensional spectrum

F2:

frequency domain 2 of a two-dimensional spectrum

FD:

fixed delay

FID:

free induction decay

FT:

Fourier transform

HF:

high frequency

INADEQUATE:

incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment

IR:

infrared

LF:

low frequency

MAS:

magic angle spinning

MeOH:

metal hydroxyl groups

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

NOESY:

nuclear overhauser enhancement and exchange spectroscopy

PAS:

photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy

PFG:

pulsed field gradient

Q4 :

tetrahedrally coordinated

REDOR:

rotational-echo double resonance

rf:

radio frequency

SAPO:

silicoaluminophosphate

SEDOR:

spin-echo double resonance

SI, SII...:

site I, site II...

SiOH:

silanol groups

SiOHAl:

bridging hydroxyl groups

SP:

single-pulse

TEDOR:

transferred-echo double resonance

TMP:

trimethylphosphine

TMS:

tetramethylsilane

VT:

variable temperature

WAHUHA:

multiple-pulse sequence denoted by Waugh, Huber, and Haeberlen

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors
  1. Hellmut G. Karge
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  2. Michael Hunger
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  3. Hermann K. Beyer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Technische Chemie I, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany

    Jens Weitkamp

  2. Bayer AG, Geschäftsbereich Chemikalien CH-F-FC, Gebäude G 8, D-51368, Leverkusen, Germany

    Lothar Puppe

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Karge, H.G., Hunger, M., Beyer, H.K. (1999). Characterization of Zeolites — Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. In: Weitkamp, J., Puppe, L. (eds) Catalysis and Zeolites. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03764-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03764-5_4

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