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Origin and Mineralogy of Clays pp 268–329Cite as

Formation of Clay Minerals in Hydrothermal Environments

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Abstract

Formation of clay minerals under hydrothermal influence is the result of rock alteration by circulating hot water in the Earth’s crust. A pre-existing rock-forming mineral assemblage is altered to a new set of minerals which are more stable under the hydrothermal conditions of temperature, pressure, and fluid composition. The interaction of hot water and rocks forms a spatially and temporally regular zonal pattern of new clay minerals, as the fluid with cooling temperature moves through the surrounding rock mass. This chapter discusses the formation of clay minerals in such dynamic processes of hydrothermal alteration. The approach is one of clay-mineral facies formed under conditions of massive alteration in the rocks. The chemical and mineralogical changes which occur on the scale of a rock or rock mass are considered to have been dealt with in the preceding chapter. The exact process of change via local, vein-influenced exchange processes is ignored for simplicity (see Chap. 6).

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  1. A. Inoue
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  1. Laboratoire de Geologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure UA 1316 CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris, France

    Bruce Velde

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Inoue, A. (1995). Formation of Clay Minerals in Hydrothermal Environments. In: Velde, B. (eds) Origin and Mineralogy of Clays. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12648-6_7

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