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Ecosystem–Atmosphere Exchanges of CO2 in Dense and Open ‘Terra Firme’ Rainforests in Brazilian Amazonia

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Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 227))

Abstract

The Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) programme established a network of eddy covariance flux towers across Brazilian Amazonia. These towers are providing important data about the characteristics of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across the region. Scientists have historically viewed the rainforests of Amazonia as potentially water limited during the dry season, with corresponding reduction in primary productivity and evapotranspiration. However, measurements at the LBA flux towers in central Brazilian Amazonia show little evidence of such seasonal water limitation, as forests appear to sustain high and sometimes increasing levels of photosynthetic capacity as the dry season progresses in dense ‘terra firme’ forests that make up 40 % of the cover of the natural vegetation in Brazilian Legal Amazonia.

In this work, we review recent findings about the seasonal and inter-annual variability of carbon fluxes inferred from the eddy covariance towers. We analyse seasonal patterns of photosynthetic capacity and ecosystem productivity in response to adaptive mechanisms (leaf flush and litterfall seasonality) and environmental conditions, such as direct and diffuse radiation, temperature, and vapour pressure deficit.

These patterns are also reflected in the inter-annual variations in net ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET), with annual NEE negatively correlated to annual rainfall, and ET largely related to year-to-year changes in radiation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the LBA Programme and the scientific coordination for support, discussion, and incentive to write this work. Two reviewers made insightful suggestions that much improved the quality of this chapter. N. R.-C. acknowledges the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (LBA investigation CD-32 and the LBA-DMIP project, award #NNX09AL52G), the National Science Foundation (Amazon-PIRE, NSF award #OISE-0730305), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Andes-Amazon Initiative, and the University Technology of Sydney and especially the Climate Change Cluster Remote Sensing Lab (Prof Alfredo Huete) for their kind support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation—Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém, Brazil

    Alessandro C. Araújo

  2. National Institute for Space Research, Earth System Science Center, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil

    Celso von Randow

  3. Climate Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Natalia Restrepo-Coupe

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  1. Alessandro C. Araújo
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  2. Celso von Randow
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  3. Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
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Correspondence to Alessandro C. Araújo .

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  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Laszlo Nagy

  2. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil

    Bruce R. Forsberg

  3. Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paulo Artaxo

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© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Araújo, A.C., von Randow, C., Restrepo-Coupe, N. (2016). Ecosystem–Atmosphere Exchanges of CO2 in Dense and Open ‘Terra Firme’ Rainforests in Brazilian Amazonia. In: Nagy, L., Forsberg, B., Artaxo, P. (eds) Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin. Ecological Studies, vol 227. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49902-3_8

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