Abstract
Most learning systems and electronic textbooks accessible via the WWW up to now lack the capabilities of individualized help and adapted learning support that are the emergent features of on-site intelligent tutoring systems. This paper discusses the problems of developing interactive and adaptive learning systems on the WWW. We introduce ELM-ART II, an intelligent interactive textbook to support learning programming in LISP. ELM-ART II demonstrates how interactivity and adaptivity can be implemented in WWW-based tutoring systems. The knowledge-based component of the system uses a combination of an overlay model and an episodic user model. It also supports adaptive navigation as individualized diagnosis and help on problem solving tasks. Adaptive navigation support is achieved by annotating links. Additionally, the system selects the next best step in the curriculum on demand. Results of an empirical study show different effects of these techniques on different types of users during the first lessons of the programming course.
This work is supported by a grant from the “Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz für Innovation” to the first author.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, J. R. (1993). Rules of the Mind. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anderson, J. R., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., and Pelletier, R. (1995). Cognitive tutors: Lessons learned. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 4:167–207.
Barr, A., Beard, M., and Atkinson, R. C. (1976). The computer as a tutorial laboratory: The Stanford BIP project. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 8:567–596.
Brusilovsky, P. (1992). Intelligent tutor, environment, and manual for introductory programming. Educational and Training Technology International 29:26–34.
Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz, E., and Weber, G. (1996a). ELM-ART: An intelligent tutoring system on World Wide Web. In Frasson, C., Gauthier, G., and Lesgold, A., eds., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS-96. Berlin: Springer. 261–269.
Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz, E., and Weber, G. (1996b). A tool for developing adaptive electronic textbooks on WWW. Proceedings of WebNet’96, World Conference on the Web Society. Charlottesville: AACE. 64–69.
Burow, R., and Weber, G. (1996). Example explanation in learning environments. In Frasson, C., Gauthier, G., and Lesgold, A., eds., Intelligent Tutoring Systems—Proceedings of the Third International Conference, ITS ’96. Berlin: Springer. 457–465.
Carr, B., and Goldstein, I. (1977). Overlays: A theory of modelling for computer aided instruction (AI Memo 406). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AI Laboratory.
Eklund, J. (in press). Knowledge-based navigation support in hypermedia courseware using WEST. Australian Educational Computing 11.
Johnson, W. L. (1986). Intention-Based Diagnosis of Novice Programming Errors. London: Pitman.
Kay, J., and Kummerfeld, R. J. (1994). An individualised course for the C programming language. Proceedings of the Second International WWW Conference “Mosaic and the Web”.
Kolodner, J. L. (1993). Case-Based Reasoning. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
Lin, F., Danielson, R., and Herrgott, S. (1996). Adaptive interaction through WWW. In Carlson, P., and Makedon, F., eds., Proceedings of ED-TELEKOM 96—World Conference on Educational Telecommunications. Charlottesville, VA: AACE. 173–178.
Pérez, T., Gutiérrez, J., and Lopistéguy, P. (1995a). An adaptive hypermedia system. In Greer, J., ed., Proceedings of AI-ED’95, 7th World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Washington, DC: AACE. 351–358.
Pérez, T., Lopistéguy, P., Gutiérrez, J., and Usandizaga, I. (1995b). HyperTutor: From hypermedia to intelligent adaptive hypermedia. In Maurer, H., ed., Proceedings of ED-MEDIA’95, World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia. Graz, Austria: AACE. 529–534.
Schwarz, E., Brusilovsky, P., and Weber, G. (1996). World-wide intelligent textbooks. In Carlson, P., and Makedon, F., eds., Proceedings of ED-TELEKOM 96—World Conference on Educational Telecommunications. Charlottesville, VA: AACE. 302–307.
Soloway, E., Rubin, E., Woolf, B., Johnson, W. L., and Bonar, J. (1983). MENO II: An AI-based programming tutor. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction 10:20–34.
Vanneste, K., Bertels, K., and De Decker, B. (1993). The use of semantic augmentation within a student program analyser. Proceedings of the Seventh International PEG Conference. 250–260.
Vanneste, P. (1994). The Use of Reverse Engineering in Novice Program Analysis. Ph.D. Dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Weber, G. (1996). Episodic learner modeling. Cognitive Science 20:195–236.
Weber, G., and Möllenberg, A. (1995). ELM programming environment: A tutoring system for LISP beginners. In Wender, K. F., Schmalhofer, F., and Böcker, H.-D., eds., Cognition and Computer Programming. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 373–408.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Weber, G., Specht, M. (1997). User Modeling and Adaptive Navigation Support in WWW-Based Tutoring Systems. In: Jameson, A., Paris, C., Tasso, C. (eds) User Modeling. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 383. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2670-7_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2670-7_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82906-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-2670-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive