Abstract
The kinetochore is an essential proteinaceous structure of a chromosome that ensures high-fidelity chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. The kinetochore is formed on the centromeric region, which is specified at a particular locus on each chromosome. Centromere specification is governed by sequence-independent epigenetic mechanisms in most vertebrate cells. Therefore, the centromere has distinct chromatin features compared with other genome loci because of centromere specification. The most important feature of centromeric chromatin is that it contains centromere-specific histone CENP-A. However, many of the additional features of centromeric chromatin were unclear for a long time. In recent years, proteomics approaches have identified the proteins that associate with centromeric chromatin. Characterization of these proteins has clarified the architecture of centromeric chromatin, which is the basis of functional kinetochore assembly. In this review, we introduce recent insights into the centromeric chromatin structure of vertebrate cells and discuss the mechanisms that underlie the formation of this specific chromatin structure.
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The authors are very grateful to all members of the Fukagawa Lab for useful discussions. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.
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Fukagawa, T. (2016). Centromeric Chromatin and Kinetochore Assembly in Vertebrate Cells. In: Hanaoka, F., Sugasawa, K. (eds) DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55873-6_14
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