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Marsupial Genetics and Genomics pp 233–257Cite as

The Evolution of Genomic Imprinting – A Marsupial Perspective

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Abstract

Genomic imprinting is a medically significant epigenetic trait in which genes are expressed from only one of the two alleles, according to their parent of origin. Among vertebrates, imprinted gene expression has been found only in the live-bearing therian mammals – eutherians (placental mammals) and marsupials. Because marsupials are so distantly related to eutherians, comparisons of imprinting between the two mammalian infraclasses are particularly valuable. However, the popular mammalian model organisms (humans, mice and domestic mammals) are all eutherian, so imprinting in marsupials has not received the attention it deserves. Research gathered over some years shows that marsupial orthologues of many imprinted domains in eutherians, such as the well characterised IGF2/H19 and PEG10 domains, comprise fewer imprinted genes. Other eutherian imprinted domains, such as the X-inactivation centre, Callipyge and Prader-Willi/Angleman syndrome domains, are either completely absent in marsupials or are not imprinted. The occurrence of imprinting in marsupials (with some imprinted genes) and eutherians (with many imprinted genes) contrasts with the likely absence of imprinting in egg-laying vertebrates (monotreme mammals, birds and reptiles). The acquisition of imprinting by therian mammals correlates with increased dependence on placentation for early development and coincides with the acquisition of a unique repeat content within the genome and germline expression of BORIS. Analysis of the evolutionary trajectory of these traits offers us insights into how and why genomic imprinting evolved in mammals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK

    Timothy A. Hore

  2. Department of Zoology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Kangaroo Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Marilyn B. Renfree & Andrew J. Pask

  3. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticiut Storrs, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Andrew J. Pask

  4. ARC Centre of Excellence for Kangaroo Genomics, Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    Jennifer A. Marshall Graves

Authors
  1. Timothy A. Hore
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  2. Marilyn B. Renfree
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  3. Andrew J. Pask
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  4. Jennifer A. Marshall Graves
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy A. Hore .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Ecology, Evolution&Genetics, The Austral, ARC Centre for Excellence for Kangaroo G, Research School of Biology, building 46, Canberra ACT, 0200, Australia

    Janine E. Deakin

  2. , Ecology, Evolution&Genetics, The Austral, ARC Centre for Excellence for Kangaroo G, Research School of Biology, building 46, Canberra ACT, 0200, Australia

    Paul D. Waters

  3. , Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Kangaroo Ge, Buidling 46, Canberra ACT, 0200, Australia

    Jennifer A. Marshall Graves

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Hore, T.A., Renfree, M.B., Pask, A.J., Graves, J.A.M. (2010). The Evolution of Genomic Imprinting – A Marsupial Perspective. In: Deakin, J., Waters, P., Marshall Graves, J. (eds) Marsupial Genetics and Genomics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9023-2_12

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