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Legume–Rhizobium Symbioses as a Tool for Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils

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Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 20))

Abstract

Legumes have traditionally been used in soil regeneration, owing to their capacity to increase soil nitrogen due to biological nitrogen fixation. Recently, legumes have attracted attention for their role in remediation of metal-contaminated soils. Legumes accumulate heavy metals mainly in roots and show a low level of metal translocation to the shoot. The main application of these plants is thus in metal phytostabilization. However, high concentrations of heavy metals in soil lead to a decrease in the symbiotic properties of legumes, which could be due to a decrease in the number of rhizobial infections. In order to identify a best legume–Rhizobium partnership for bioremediation purposes, selection of plant varieties and rhizobia resistant to heavy metal is required. Different approaches directed to improve metal bioremediation potential of legumes have been undertaken; from inoculation with rhizosphere bacterial consortia resistant to heavy metals to genetic engineering. Inoculation of legume plants with appropriate inocula containing rhizobia and heavy metal-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and/or mycorrhiza has been found as an interesting option to improve plant performance under stressed conditions. The role of Rhizobium–legume symbiosis and approaches employed to genetically engineer legume–Rhizobium interactions in order to improve bioremediation are reviewed and discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González, 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain

    Eloísa Pajuelo, Ignacio David Rodríguez-Llorente, Alejandro Lafuente & Miguel Ángel Caviedes

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  1. Eloísa Pajuelo
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  2. Ignacio David Rodríguez-Llorente
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  3. Alejandro Lafuente
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  4. Miguel Ángel Caviedes
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Correspondence to Eloísa Pajuelo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. , Department of Microbiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricu, Pantnagar, 263145, India

    Reeta Goel

  4. , Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Musarrat

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Pajuelo, E., Rodríguez-Llorente, I.D., Lafuente, A., Caviedes, M.Á. (2011). Legume–Rhizobium Symbioses as a Tool for Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils. In: Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Goel, R., Musarrat, J. (eds) Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils. Environmental Pollution, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_4

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