Abstract
All forms of optical microscopy have the potential to suffer from aberrations due to misalignments in the optical system, local refractive index changes in the sample, or, in many cases, both. Aberrations produce a distorted wavefront at the focus of the imaging system leading to a non-optimum focal spot, resulting in a decrease in image resolution and hence a deterioration in image quality. The problem is particularly prevalent when imaging biological tissue using an optical sectioning microscope where the improved axial resolution over standard wide-field techniques leads the user to image deeper into their sample than ever before. The structure present in the tissue presents complex axial and lateral variations in refractive indices, inhomogeneities that increase as the thickness of tissue the light passes through increases. Adaptive optics, a technique that originated in optical astronomy, poses a powerful solution to the problem. The principle behind adaptive optics involves shaping the wavefront of the incoming light in such a way so as to overcome the distortions imposed by the sample and imaging system. Crucial to the successful implementation of adaptive optics in microscopy is the method used to determine the wavefront correction required. Here we introduce the concepts behind adaptive optics, discuss several approaches that have been taken to implement adaptive optics into microscopy, and finally provide examples of its success when applied to a variety of imaging modalities such as multiphoton microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and selective plane illumination microscopy.
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Wright, A.J., Poland, S.P. (2017). Adaptive Optics for Aberration Correction in Optical Microscopy. In: Ho, AP., Kim, D., Somekh, M. (eds) Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5052-4_37
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5052-4_37
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