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Molecular Diagnostic Techniques and Biotechnology in Plant Biosecurity

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The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity

Abstract

Accurate identification of plant pests is essential to maintaining a successful plant biosecurity programme. Diagnostic methods and technologies used by national regulatory programmes (NPPOs), and associated laboratories for identification, are driven by method/protocol availability, taxonomy and biology of the pest, all informed by accurate reference collections and genetic databases. The ultimate selection and implementation of specific diagnostics for any programme is influenced by the unique circumstances faced by each plant protection organization. While regulatory diagnostics are used to protect agriculture and the environment, they also must be accomplished while maintaining open agricultural trade. Much information is needed to fit the diagnostic to its intended use and avoid improper use or assay failure. The components that currently drive method development and deployment of systems for regulatory identification and diagnosis include criteria for method selection, development, and transfer to the field. Diagnostic methods that are developed using quality management guidelines and appropriate validation strategies can produce universally acceptable results for regulatory decisions. Technologies that are serological, genome based, or detect volatile signatures can supplement morphological and visual identification as well as independently provide accurate identification of regulatory pests. Each NPPO continues to evolve its utility to pest detection by advancing new technologies such as DNA barcodes, recombinant DNA produced monoclonal antibodies, and novel ways of detecting targeted nucleic acids. Use of two or more assays to fulfill regulatory requirements adds diversity for cross-checking and accountability of the results when high-consequence regulatory decisions are made.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST), Unit 152, 5C03.50, 4700 River Rd., Riverdale, MD, 20737, USA

    Laurene Levy

  2. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST), 1730 Varsity Dr., Suite 400, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA

    Patrick Shiel & Geoffrey Dennis

  3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada

    C. André Lévesque

  4. Ministry for Primary Industries, 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand

    Gerard Clover

  5. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Government of Canada, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 5T1, Canada

    Harvinder Bennypaul

  6. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science & Technology (CPHST), Moore Air Base Bldg. S-6414, 22675N. Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA

    Norman Barr

  7. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science & Technology (CPHST), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL, 33158, USA

    Amy Roda

  8. USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Building 308, Room 319, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Rodney Young

  9. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 858, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Jacek Plazinski

  10. Biosciences Research Division, Victorian Department of Primary Industries, 15, Ferntree Gully, VIC, 3156, Australia

    Jane Moran

Authors
  1. Laurene Levy
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  2. Patrick Shiel
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  3. Geoffrey Dennis
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  4. C. André Lévesque
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  5. Gerard Clover
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  6. Harvinder Bennypaul
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  7. Norman Barr
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  8. Amy Roda
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  9. Rodney Young
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  10. Jacek Plazinski
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  11. Jane Moran
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laurene Levy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Gordon Gordh

  2. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, West Australia, Australia

    Simon McKirdy

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Levy, L. et al. (2014). Molecular Diagnostic Techniques and Biotechnology in Plant Biosecurity. In: Gordh, G., McKirdy, S. (eds) The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_13

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