Abstract
The nature of the blade fatigue problem is discussed. Factors which are known to influence blade fatigue are the steady and alternating stresses from centrifugal and gasdynamic loading, the material strength properties, crack propagation resistance, chemistry of the working environment, and the time-history of the blade loadings. Major publications from the literature of these topics are reviewed. Important contributions which are influencing current efforts to reduce the number of blade fatigue failures are identified. A general-purpose computer code for blade life evaluation, BLADE, is described. The use of this code for evaluating the expected fatigue life of a six-blade group in an IP steam turbine is demonstrated. The paper contains a reference listing of 59 publications.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Dewey, R. P., McCloskey, T. M., and Rieger, N. F., ‘Analysis of Steam Turbine Blade Failures in the Utility Industry,’ ASME Transactions, JPGC, September 1983.
Rieger, N. F., ‘Some Service Problems of Turbine Blades; Factors Affecting Diagnosis and Correction,’ Paper Presented at EPRI Conference on Non-Destructive Examination of Steam Turbine and Electrical Generator Components, Washington, DC, October 31, 1980.
Rao, J. S., ‘Natural Frequencies of Turbine Blading-A Survey,’ Shock and Vibration Digest, 5 (10), pp. 1, 1973.
Rao, J. S., ‘Turbomachine Blade Vibration,’ Shock and Vibration Digest, 12 (2), pp. 19, 1980.
Rieger, N. F., Nowak, W. J., ‘Analysis of Fatigue Stresses in Steam Turbine Blade Groups,’ Paper Presented at EPRI Seminar Workshop on Steam Turbine Availability, Palo Alto, CA, January 18, 1977.
Rieger, N. F., Crofoot, J. F., ‘Non-Steady Forces in a Turbomachine Stage,’ Paper Presented at The Vibration Institute Turbomachinery Blading Seminar, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, May 3–5, 1977.
Rieger, N. F., Rao, J. S., Vibrations of Rotating Machinery, Part 2: Blading and Torsional Vibrations, Vibration Institute Press, April 1983.
Smith, S. M., ‘Vibration of Turbine Blades in Packets,’ Proceedings of the 7th International Congress for Applied Mechanics, Vol. 3, pp. 178–192, 1948.
Prohl, M. A., ‘A Method for Calculating Vibration Frequency and Stress of Banded Group of Turbine Buckets,’ ASME Transactions, pp. 169–180, January 1958.
Weaver, F. L., Prohl, M. A., ‘High Frequency Vibration of Steam Turbine Buckets,’ ASME Transactions, pp. 181–189, January 1958.
Wundt, B., Caruso, ‘Discussion of Weaver and Prohl Paper: High Frequency Vibration of Steam Turbine Buckets,’ ASME Transactions, January 1958.
Deak, A.L., Baird, R. D., ‘A Procedure for Calculating the Packet Frequencies of Steam Turbine Exhaust Blades,’ Journal of Engineering for Power, pp. 324–330, October 1963.
Heywood, R. N., Designing Against Fatigue of Materials. Reinhold Publishers, London, England, 1962.
Salama, A. L., Petyt, M., ‘Dynamic Response of Packets of Blades by the Finite Element Method,’ ASME Paper 77-DET-70, 1977.
Ortolano, R. J., LaRosa, J. A., and Welch, W. P., ‘Long-Arc Shrouding — A Reliability Improvement for Untuned Steam Turbine Blading,’ ASME Paper 77-JPGC-PWR-12.
Rieger, N. F., ‘Comments on Paper: Long-Arc Shrouding — A Reliability Improvement for Untuned Steam Turbine Blading,’ by Ortolano, R. J., LaRosa, J. A., and Welch, W. P., December 1980.
Rieger, N. F., ‘Finite Element Analysis of Turbomachine Blade Problems,’ Paper Presented at ASME Vibrations Conference, 1977.
Documaci, E., Thomas, J., and Carnegie, W., ‘Matrix Displacement Analysis of Coupled Bending-Bending Vibrations of Pre-twisted Blading,’ Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1967.
Carnegie, W., ‘Vibrations of Pre-twisted Cantilever Blading, IMechE Proceedings, Vol. 173, No. 12, pp. 343–374, 1959.
Carnegie, W., Dawson, B., and Thomas, J., ‘Vibration Characteristics of Cantilever Blading,’ IMechE Proceedings, Applied Mechanics Convention, 180, 31, 1965.
Henry, R., LaLanne, M., ‘Vibration Analysis of Rotating Compressor Blades,’ ASME Paper 73-DET-140, Journal of Engineering for Industry, pp. 1028–1035, August 1974.
McBain, J. C., ‘Vibratory Behavior of Twisted Cantilevered Plates,’ Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1975.
LaLanne, M., Trompette, P., ‘Vibration Analysis of Rotating Turbine Blades,’ ASME Paper 74-WA/DE-23, Winter Annual Meeting, New York, NY, December 1974.
Ahmed, S., Anderson, R. G., and Zienkiewicz, E. C., ‘Vibration of Thick, Curved Shells with Particular Reference to Turbine Blades,’ Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol. 5, No. 200–6, 1970.
LaLanne, M., Trompette, P., ‘Rotating Blade Analysis by the Finite Element Method,’ Symposium on Dynamics of Rotors, International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Lyngby, Denmark, pp. 299–318, 1974.
Trompette, P., Paulard, M., LaLanne, M., Jones, D.I.G., and Parin, M. L., ‘Prediction of Modal Damping of Jet Engine Stator Vanes using Finite Element Techniques,’ ASME Paper 76-GT-60, 1976.
Rieger, N. F., Nowak, W. J., ‘Calculation of Three-Dimensional Disk Steeple Stresses,’ Consultants’ Report to EPRI Nuclear Systems Division, Palo Alto, Ca, August 1978.
Peterson, R. E., Stress Concentration Factors. John Wiley and Sons, 1974.
‘BIGIF Fracture Mechanics Code for Structures,’ EPRI Nuclear Power Division Research Project 700–1, 1978.
Ewins, D. J., ‘The Effects of Detuning upon the Forced Vibrations of Bladed Disks,’ Journal of Sound Vibration, 9 (1), pp. 65–79, 1969.
Ewins, D. J., ‘Study of Resonance Coincidence in Bladed Disks,’ IMechE Proceedings, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 12, 1970.
Ewins, D, J., ‘Vibration Characteristics of Bladed Disk Assemblies,’ Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 15 (3), pp. 165–185, 1973.
Ewins, D. J., ‘Vibration Modes of Mistuned Bladed Disks,’ ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Power, Vol. 98, July 1976.
Osborne, C., ‘Compressible Unsteady Interactions Between Blade Rows,’ AIAA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 340–346, March 1973.
Henderson, R. E., ‘The Unsteady Response of a Blade Row from Measurement of the Time-Mean Total Pressure,’ ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Power, Series A, 1974
Crofoot, J. S., ‘Theories and Experiments for Determination of Non-Steady Flow,’ M.S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, February 1979
Rao, J. S., ‘Turbine Blade Excitation and Vibration,’ Shock and Vibration Digest, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 15–22, March 1977.
Kemp, N. H,, Sears, W. R., ‘Aerodynamic Interference Between Moving Blade Rows,’ Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 585–597, 1953.
Kemp, N, H., Sears, W. R., ‘The Unsteady Forces Due to Viscous Wakes in Turbomachines,’ Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 478–483, 1955.
Horlock, J. H., ‘Unsteady Flow in Turbomachines,’ IAustE Proceedings, Conference on Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, pp. 221–227. November 1968.
Yeh, H., Naumann, H., ‘Life and Pressure Fluctuations of a Cambered Airfoil Under Periodic Gusts and Applications to Turbomachinery,’ ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Power, Series A, pp. 1–10, January 1973.
Holmes, D. W., ‘Lift and Measurement in an Airfoil in Unsteady Flow, ‘ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Power, Series A, 1974.
Mani, R., ‘Compressibility Effects in the Kemp-Sears Problem,’ Paper Presented at International Symposium on the Fluid Mechanics and Design of Turbomachinery,’ Penn State University, 1970.
Rao, S.S.P., Mukhopadhyay, V., and Rao, J. S., ‘Unsteady Forces of Cambered Blades, ‘Technical Memorandum 77WRL44, Wehle Research Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 1977.
Loh, W.H.T., Theory of the Hydraulic Analogy for Steady and Unsteady Gas Dynamics, Chapter 1; Modern Developments in Gas Dynamics, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1969.
Breuglemans, F.A.E., ‘The Hydraulic Analogy,’ Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium, June 1975.
Rieger, N. F., ‘Theory of Hydraulic Analogy in Cylindrical Coordinates for Non-Steady Potential Flow,’ Technical Memorandum 75WRLM3, Wehle Research Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, June 1975.
Rao, J. S., ‘Hydraulic Analogy for Compressible Gas Flow in Converging Nozzles,’ STI Internal Memorandum 801D002–1, December 1980.
Heen, H., Mann, R. W., ‘The Hydraulic Analogy Applied to Non-Steady Two-Dimensional Flow in the Partial Admission Turbine,’ ASME Transactions, Journal of Basic Engineering, pp. 400–421, September 1961
Johnson, R. H., ‘The Hydraulic Analogy and its Use with Time Varying Flows,’ General Electric Research Laboratory Report, 64-RL-3755C, Schenectady, NY, August 1964.
Rieger, N. F., Wicks, A. L., ‘Non-Steady Force Measurements and Observations of Flow in Three Turbine Stage Geometries,’ Mechanical Engineering Department Report, NOBS Contract, N00024–76-C-4142, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, January 30, 1976.
Rieger, N. F., Wicks, A. L., ‘Design and Development of Water Table Analog for Dynamic Forces in Turbine Stages,’ Mechanical Engineering Department Report, NOBS Contract N00024–76-C-5504, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 1976.
Wagner, J. T., ‘Blade Damping Tests,’ Westinghouse Engineering Report EC-401, NOBS N00024–67-C-5494, May 1969.
Gotoda, Hidemi, ‘An Analysis on Resonant Stress and Damping in Turbine Blades,’ Turbine Designing Department, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, Japan, 1974.
Rieger, N. F., Beck, C. M., ‘Damping Tests on Steam Turbine Blades,’ EPRI Project RP1185–1, Palo Alto, CA, 1980.
Peck, L. C, Johnson, P. J., and House, D. F., ‘Evaluation of Turbine Blade Root Designs to Minimize Fatigue Failures,’ EPRI Project RP1185–2, Palo Alto, CA, 1981.
Brown, W. G., ‘Determination of Damping Values for Turbine Blades,’ ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 81-DET-131, Hartford, CT, 1981.
Rieger, N. F., Wicks, A. L., Crofoot, J. F., and Nowak, W. J., ‘Experiments and Theories for Non-Steady Forces on Turbine Blades,’ Report to Naval Ship Engineering Center, NOBS Contract N00024–76-C-4142, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 1978.
Steele, J. M., Lam, T. C. T., ‘Stress and Analysis of Steam Turbine Blades with ANSYS,’ Proceedings, ANSYS Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, April 1983.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rieger, N.F. (1990). Remaining Life Evaluation for Steam Turbine Blades. In: Montalvão e Silva, J.M., Pina da Silva, F.A. (eds) Vibration and Wear in High Speed Rotating Machinery. NATO ASI Series, vol 174. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1914-3_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1914-3_39
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7354-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1914-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive