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Comparing Examples of Modern and Ancient Turbidite Systems: Problems and Concepts

  • Chapter
Marine Clastic Sedimentology

Abstract

A useful comparison of modern and ancient submarine fans can be based only on well-understood and thoroughly mapped systems. In addition, the examples selected for comparison must represent depositional systems similar in such characteristics as type of basin, size of sediment source, physical and temporal scales, and stage of development. Many fan sedimentation models presently in use do not meet these criteria.

A conceptual framework for comparing modern with ancient, ancient with ancient, and modern with modern turbidite systems defines our approach to the problems involved. To attempt to select similar depositional systems, we define four basic types of turbidite basins based on size, mobility of the crust, effects of syndepositional tectonic activity, and volume of sediment available in the source areas. The difference in physical scale and the great dissimilarities in types of data available are particularly important in the comparison of modern and ancient deposits. Comparisons can be done for basin-fill sequences or complexes (1st order), for individual fan systems (2nd order), for stages of growth within an individual system (3rd order), or for the scale of specific elements (facies associations and component substages) within a system, e.g. lobes, channel deposits, overbank deposits (4th order). Valid comparison requires that the field mapping is sufficient to recognize the stage of development of the system.

To facilitate application of this conceptual framework, working definitions of individual fan elements attempt to provide criteria applicable to both modern and ancient settings. These elements are channels, overbank deposits, lobes, channel/lobe transition features, and scours (major erosional non-channel features). Derived characteristics, such as fan divisions and sedimentation models, are considered as secondary points only used as necessary for discussion. The use of morphologic terms to describe ancient deposits is also qualified. The primary emphasis remains on detailed, complete field work, both on land and at sea, to provide factual characterizations of the sediment and rock assemblages to ensure that similar features are being compared in terms of both temporal and physical scales.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy

    Emiliano Mutti

  2. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA

    William R. Normark

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  1. Emiliano Mutti
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  1. Imperial College, Royal School of Mines, London, UK

    J. K. Leggett

  2. Istituto di Geologia e Paleontologia, dell’Università, Bologna, Italy

    G. G. Zuffa

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© 1987 J. K. Leggett & G. G. Zuffa (Graham and Trotman)

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Mutti, E., Normark, W.R. (1987). Comparing Examples of Modern and Ancient Turbidite Systems: Problems and Concepts. In: Leggett, J.K., Zuffa, G.G. (eds) Marine Clastic Sedimentology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3241-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3241-8_1

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