Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermohaline Effects in the Ocean Circulation and Related Simple Models

  • Chapter
Large-Scale Transport Processes in Oceans and Atmosphere

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 190))

Abstract

The discovery at the end of last century that small year-to-year variations in the temperature and salinity affected the “herring periods” played an important role for the development of physical oceanography in Scandinavia. Helland-Hansen, Nansen, Ekman and their collaborators in the “Bergen School” developed the instruments needed to measure these and other oceanographic parameters of interest with the required accuracy. They also developed the theoretical tools by help of which the ocean currents could be calculated from the measured temperature and salinity fields, in particular the so-called “dynamic method”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Broecker, W. and T.-H. Peng, 1982: Tracers in the Sea. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, 690 pp. See Fig. 7–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, F., 1986: Maintenance and Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation. Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 254 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K., 1963: A numerical investigation of a nonlinear model of a wind-driven ocean. J. Atmos. Science, 20, 594–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K., S. Manabe and R.L. Pacanowski, 1975: A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. Part II. The oceanic circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 30–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K. and L.J. Lewis, 1979: A water mass model of the world ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2503–2517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P.K. and S. Martin, 1971: Observations of ice stalactites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, V.W., 1905: On the influence of the earth’s rotation on ocean currents. Arkiv för Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, 2(11), 52 pp. See Tafel 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, V.W., 1923: Uber Horizontalzirkulation bei winderzeugten Meeresstromungen. Arkiv för Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, 17(26), 74 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, V.W., 1924: Utkast till en enhettig harsströmsteori (Outline of a unified ocean current theory), private printing, Lund. A translated version published in Tellus (1985), 37a, 379–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gargett, A., 1984: Vertical diffusivity in the ocean interior. J. Mar. Res., 42, 359–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, M., 1985: Turbulent Mixing in the Stratified Ocean: A Review. In preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasselmann, K., 1982: An ocean model for climate variability studies. Progress in Oceanogr., Vol. 11, 69–92. Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luyten, J.H., J. Pedlosky and H. Stommel, 1983: The ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 292–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malkus, W.R., 1972: Non-periodic convection at high and low Prandtl number. Memoires Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 6e serie, tome IV, 125–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S., 1970: A Hydrodynamic Curiosity: the Salt Oscillator. Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 1, 143–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meehl, G., Washington and Semtner, 1982: Experiments with a global ocean model driven by observed atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 301–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munk, W., 1966: Abyssal recipes. Deep-Sea Res., 13, 707–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Science Foundation, 1980: GEOSECS Atlantic Expedition, Vol. 2, Sections and Profiles. U.S. Govt. Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhines, P. and W. Young, 1982a: A theory of the wind-driven circulation. I. Mid-ocean gyres. J. Mar. Res., 40 (suppl.), 559–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhines, P. and W. Young, 1982b: Potential vorticity homogenization in planetary gyres. J. Fluid Mech., 122, 347–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R. and H. Stommel, 1959: The oceanic thermocline and the associated thermohaline circulation. Tellus, 11(3), 295–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rooth, C, 1982: Hydrology and ocean circulation. Progr. Oceanogr., 11, 131–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkisyan, A.S., 1962: On the dynamics of wind current appearence in the baroclinic ocean. Oceanology, 2(3), 395–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E. and G. Veronis, 1960: On the Boussinesq approximation for a compressible fluid. Astrophys. J., 131, 442–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stommel, H., 1948: The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 29, 202–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stommel, H., 1961: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 13, 224–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stommel, H., 1965: The Gulf Stream: A Physical and Dynamical Description, 2nd ed., University of California and Cambridge University Presses, 202 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup, H., 1947: Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean; with application to the equatorial currents of the eastern Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., 33, 318–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J.S., 1973: Buoyancy Effects in Fluids. Cambridge University Press, 367 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veronis, G., 1969: On theoretical models of the thermocline circulation. Deep-Sea Res., 16 (suppl.) 301–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J., 1985: Scientific American, 252(4), 140–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1957: Note on the self-sustained oscillations of a simple thermal system. Tellus, 9(3), 419–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1959: An advective model of the ocean thermocline. Tellus, 11(3), 309–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1967: On the oscillatory instability of a differentially heated fluid loop. J. Fluid Mech., 29(1), 17–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1971: The thermocline problem. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 270, 415–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1971a: Some exact solutions to the equations describing an ideal fluid thermocline. J.Mar. Res., 29(2), 60–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1977b: Observations of oscillatory ice states in the simple convection experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 82(18), 2591–2592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1981: Oscillations in a simple air-water system driven by a stabilizing heat flux. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 5, 269–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welander, P., 1982: A simple heat-salt oscillator. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 6, 233–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Pierre Welander

Authors
  1. Pierre Welander
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Kiel, Germany

    J. Willebrand

  2. Department of Atmospheric Physics, Oxford University, UK

    D. L. T. Anderson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Welander, P. (1986). Thermohaline Effects in the Ocean Circulation and Related Simple Models. In: Willebrand, J., Anderson, D.L.T. (eds) Large-Scale Transport Processes in Oceans and Atmosphere. NATO ASI Series, vol 190. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4768-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4768-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8617-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4768-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation