Abstract
A two week observation program was carried out in the summer of 1981 in the Lake Kinneret (Northern Israel) area. The main purpose was to study the mesoscale flow patterns in and around the lake valley and compare them with the results of mesoscale model simulations in the same area. The main effort of the program was directed to the determination of three dimensional trajectories from various points around the valley. For that purpose a new method for the deployment of relatively long term no-lift balloons was used. In addition, surface observations as well as upper air wind observations using pibals were taken at four fixed locations along a straight line across the lake valley. Based on previous studies using surface observations and model results it appeared that the flow regime was determined by the combination of three main mechanisms: the Mediterranean sea breeze, the lake breeze and the mountain-valley wind. This combination results in a daily cycle divided into three distinct flow regimes. The results of the present experiment confirm this basic classification as well as the general structure of the flow for each of the three regimes. The experiment also confirmed the assumption that the large scale synoptic flow has only a minor influence in the valley, and contributes only to the general direction of the winds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alpert, P., Cohen, A., Neumann, J. and Doron, E.: 1982 ‘A Model Simulation of the Summer Circulation from the Eastern Mediterranean Past Lake Kinneret in the Jordan Valley’ Mon. Wea. Rev. 110,994–1006.
Angell, J.K., Pack, D.H., Machta, L., Dickson, T.R., and Hoecker, W.H.: 1972 ‘Three Dimensional Air Trajectories Determined from Tetroon Flights in the Planetary Boundary Layer of the Los Angeles Basin’ J. App. Meteor. 11, 451–471.
Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T.: 1978(I), ‘Development of Hydrodynamic Models Suitable for Air Pollution and Other Mesometeorological Studies’, Mon. Wea. Rev. 106, 1045–1078.
Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T.: 1978(II), ‘Simulation of Mesoscale Flows over Israel’Isr. Meteor. Res. Paper. 2, 93–123.
Bitan, A.: 1981, ‘Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) and its Exceptional Wind System’ Bound. Lay. Meteor. 21, 477–487.
Dickerson, M.H. and Gudiksen, P.J.: 1981 ‘ASCOT FY-1981 Progress Report’, UCID-18878–81, ASCOT 81–2.
Doron, E. and Neumann, J.: 1976 ‘A Mesometoerological Model with Topography: Initial Results and Problems’, Presented at Army Mesometeorological Meeting, Las Cruses, N.M., Dept, of Atmos. Sci., Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem.
Doron, E., and Neumann, J.: 1977 ‘Land and Mountain Breezes with Special Attention to Israel’s Mediterranean Coastal Plain’, Isr. Meteor. Res. Pap. 1. 109–122.
Estoque, M.A.: 1961 ‘A Theoretical Investigation of the Sea Breeze’, Quart. J. Royal Met. Soc. 87, 136–146.
Hanna, S.R. and Hoecker, W.H.: 1971 ‘The Response of Constant Density Balloons Applied to Sinusoidal Variations of Vertical Wind Speeds’, J. Appl. Meteor. 10, 601–604.
Hanna, S.R., Nappo, C.J., Hosker, R.P., and Briggs, G.A.:1974, ‘Description of the Eastern Tennessee Trajectory Experiment’, ATDL cont. 103, Oakridge, Tenn.
Hirsch, J.H. and Booker, D.R.: 1966 ‘Response of Super Pressure Balloons to Vertical Air Motions’, J. App. Meteor. 5, 601–604.
Longhetto, A.: 1971 ‘Some Improvements in the Balanced Pilot Balloons Technique’, Atmos. Environ. 5, 327–331.
Mahrer, Y. and Pielke, R.A.: 1977, ‘The Effects of Topography on the Sea and Land Breezes in a Two Dimensional Numerical Model; Mon. Wea. Rev. 105, 1151–1162.
Mahrer, Y. and Segal, M.:1979 ‘A Numerical Study of the Air Flow over Israel Using a Two Dimensional Mesoscale Model’ 4th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction. Am. Meteor. Soc., 256–259.
Manins, P.C. and Sawford, B.L.: 1979 ‘A Model of Katabatic Winds’, J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 619–630.
McNider, R.T., Hanna, S.R., and Pielke, R.A.:1981 ‘A Numerical Simulation of the Transport and Dispersion of Pollutants in Slopes and Mountain-Valley Flows’, Proc. of 5th Symp. Turbulence Diffusion and Air Pollution, Atl. Ga.
Nappo, C.J.: 1977 ‘Mesoscale Flow over Complex Terrain During the Eastern Tennessee Trajectory Experiment (ETTEX)’, J. App. Meteor. 16, 1186–1196.
Nappo, C.J. and Snodgrass, H.F.: 1981 ‘Observations of Nighttime Winds Using Pilot Balloons in Anderson Creek Valley, Geysers, California’, J. App. Meteorol. 20, 721–727.
Neumann, Y. and Mahrer, Y: 1971, ‘A Theoretical Study of the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation’, J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 532–542.
Pielke, R.A.: 1974 ‘A Three Dimensional Numerical Model of the Sea Breezes Over South Florida’, Mon. Wea. Rev. 102, 115–139.
Rao, K.S. and Snodgrass, H.F.: 1981 ‘A Nonstationary Nocturnal Drainage Flow Model’Bound. Lav. Meteor. 20, 309–320.
Segal, M., McNider, R.T., Pielke, R.A., and McDougal, D.S.: 1982, ‘A Numerical Model Simulation of the Regional Air Pollution Meteorology of the Greater Chesapeake Bay Area - Summer Day Case Study’, Atmos. Environ. 16, 1181–1397.
Serruya, S.: 1975 ‘Wind, Water Temperature and Motions in Lake Kinneret: General Pattern’, Verk Int. Verein Limnol. 19, 73–87.
Terliuc, B., Asculai, E., and Doron, E.: 1983 ‘The Use of Compensated Aerological No-Lift Balloons to Determine Relatively Long Term Dry Air Parcel Trajectories’, J. Clim. and Appl. Meteor. 22.
Thyer, N.H.:1966 ‘A Theoretical Explanation of Mountain and Valley Winds by a Numerical Method’, Arch. Met. Geoph. Bioklim. A15, 318–348.
Wooldridge, G.L. and Orgill, M.M.:1978 ‘Airflow, Diffusion and Momentum Flux Patterns in a High Mountain Valley’, Atmos.Environ. 12, 803–808.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Asculai, E., Doron, E., Terliuc, B. (1984). Mesoscale Flow over Complex Terrain — A Field Study in the Lake Kinneret Area. In: Kaplan, H., Dinar, N. (eds) Boundary Layer Structure. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6514-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6514-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6516-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6514-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive