Long-period variable AGB stars in a field towards the galactic bulge

Abstract

We study two different samples of long-period variable Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars in a field of low and homogeneous extinction towards the Galactic bulge, the Palomar-Groningen field Nr. 3. The samples were selected to study the evolution of the late phases on the AGB. One sample consists of 486 variables (mostly Miras) optically detected and studied by Plaut (1971) and by Wesselin& (1987). The other sample is selected from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue and consists of 239 sources. We made additional. infrared measurements between 1.2 and 13 firn for a large fraction of both samples. This information was used to identify the IRAS sources and derive the apparent bolometric magnitudes. The samples of Miras and variable IRAS sources have a similar apparent bolometric magnitude distributions, but are displaced by an amount significantly less than expected from the Mira period-luminosity relation (Feast et al. 1989; 0.3 magnitudes as opposed to 0.6 magnitudes). The surface density distribution along the minor axis of the bulge is the same for both samples. We conclude that both samples have evolved from the same parent population and that they represent different evolutionary stages on the AGB. The IRAS sources with the longer periods (on average 450 days (Whiteloc& et al. 1991) versus on average 250 days for the optical. sample) are the further evolved objects. As the IRAS sources have higher mass loss rates we conclude that mass loss increases during the late stages of the evolution. However, we find indications that in some stars the mass loss process has been interrupted for some time; mass loss could be an intermittent process although its overall rate increases in time.

Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile) as part of the ESO Key Programme “Stellar Evolution in the Bulge”.