Abstract
A review of the hydro-optical studies in the Black Sea from 1922 till now is presented. Seasonal and long-term variability of the Black Sea optical parameters are analysed using data sets from the data bases of Marine Hydrophysical Institute (Ukraine) and Institute of Marine Sciences (Turkey). A dramatic decrease in the water transparency was observed during 1986–1992. This coincided with significant changes of the spectral distribution of optical parameters. The main reasons of such changes are eutrophication, influence of the biological invader Mnemiopsis leidyi on the sea ecosystem, and the natural 11 year solar cycle.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Knipovich, N.M. (1932) Hydrological investigations in the Black Sea. Scı. work of the Azov-Black-Sea scientific producers expedıtion, Iss. 10, Moscow, 272 (in Russian).
Timofeeva, V.A. (1979) On study of optical phenomena in the Black Sea Multidisciplınary investigations in the Black Sea, 77–82, MHI of the Ukr.SSR Acad, of Sci., Sevastopol (in Russian).
Sovga, E.E., Mankovsky, V.I, Prokhorenko, Yu. A. et. al (1987) The nature of the deep turbid layer in the Black Sea. Rep. of the Ukr. Acad, of Sci., ser. B, No. 6, 32–35 (in Russian).
Bezborodov, A.A. (1989) Fine hydrochemical structure of interaction zone between aerobic and anaerobic water in the Black Sea. Complex oceanographic investigations of the Black Sea, 131–152, MHI of the Ukr.SSR Acad, of Sci., Sevastopol (in Russian).
Urdenko, V.A., Zemlyanaya, LA, and Vladimirov, V.L. (1978) The regional peculiarities of bioluminescence fields in the Black Sea. Hydrobiological Journal, v. 14, No. 2, 17–23 (in Russian).
Bityukov, E.P., Rybakov, VP., and Shaida, V.G. (1967) The annual variations in intensity of bioluminescence field in the Black Sea neritic zone. Oceanology, v.7, Iss.6, 1089–1099 (in Russian).
Neuymin, G.G. (1980) The optical characteristics of the Black Sea waters. The multidıscıplinary oceanographic investigations of the Black Sea, 198–215, Naukova dumka, Kiev, (in Russian).
Mankovsky, V.I. (1992) Optical structure of the Black Sea waters and regularities of its formation. Hydrophysical and hydrochemical investigations of the Black Sea, 7–30, MHI of the Ukr. Acad, of Sci, Sevastopol (in Russian).
Urdenko, V.A., and Zimmerman, G. (eds.) (1985) Remote sensing of the sea and the ınfluence of atmosphere. USSR Acad, of Sci. — GDR Acad, of Sci-Ukr.SSR Acad, of Sci. Moscow-Berlin-Sevastopol (in Russian).
Nikolaev, V.P., and Salin, V.D. (1992) On spatial-temporal variability of water transparency in the Black Sea coastal zone. IO RAS South. Branch, Gelendzhik, Deposit VINITlfile 1307-B92 (in Russian).
Nikolaev, V.P. (1992) Peculiarities of the water optical structure in February-March, 1991. IO RAS South. Branch, Gelendzhik, Deposit VINITI, file 1306-B92 (in Russian).
Levin, I.M., and Nikolaev, V.P. (1992) On estimation of the vertical attenuation of quantum irradiance in the region of photosynthetic active radiation in the Black Sea. Oceanology, v. 32, Iss. 2, 240–245 (in Russian).
Bityukov, E.P. (1971) Bioluminescence in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Seas of the Mediterranean basin. Problems of the sea biology, Naukova dumka, Kiev, (in Russian).
Ozsoy, E., Top, Z., White, G. and Murray, J.W. (1991) Double diffusive intrusions, mixing and deep sea convection processes in the Black Sea. Black Sea Oceanography, E. Izdar and J. W. Murray (eds.), Kluwer Press, Dordrecht.
Levin, I.M. (1980) On the white disk theory. Izv. USSR Acad, of Sci., FAO, v. 16, 926–932 (in Russian).
Preisendorfer, R.W. (1986) Secchi disk science: Visual optics of natural waters. Limnol. & Oceanogr., v. 31, 909–926.
Aas, Eyvind (1980) Relations between total quanta blue irradiance and Secchi disk observation in the Norwegion and Barents Seas. Rep. Inst, fer Fysisk Oceanografi Kobenhavns Universitet, Copenhagen, No. 42, 11–27.
Sherstyankin, P.P., Bondarenko, N.A., Stepanova, V.V., Tarasova, E.N., and Shur, L.A. (1988) Interrelation between the beam attenuation coefficient and hydrophysical and biological indexes of the Baikal water. Optics of sea and atmosphere, Theses of rep. of 10 plenary Session of WG “Ocean optics”, 223–224, Leningrad (in Russian).
Kullenberg, G. (1980) Relationships between optical parameters in different oceanic areas. Rep. Inst. fer Fysisk Oceanografi Kobenhavns Universitet, Copenhagen, No. 42, 57–79.
Mankovsky, V.I., and Zemlyanaya, L.A. (1989) The relation between the white disk visibility depth and the beam attenuation coefficient for the Black Sea waters. Multidisciplinary Oceanographical Investigations of the Black Sea, 82–85, MHI Ukr.SSR Acad. of Sci., Sevastopol (in Russian).
Shemshura, V.E., and Fedirko, V.I. (1981) On relationships between some hydrooptical parameters. Oceanology, v. 21, iss. 1, 51–54 (in Russian).
Shemshura, V.E., Finenko, Z.Z., Burlakova, Z.P. et al. (1990) The relationship between chlorophyll “a” concentration and primary production and relative water transparency in the Black Sea. Optics of sea and atmosphere. Reports theses of the 11 plenary session on Ocean Optics, part 1, SO of the USSR Acad. of Sci., Krasnoyarsk, 176–177 (in Russian).
Shemshura, V.E., and Vladimirov, V.L. (1989) Estimation of suspended material concentration in the sea over the white disk visibility depth and upward radiation spectra. Oceanology, v. 29, iss. 6, 946–950 (in Russian).
Ivanov, A. (1975) Introduction a l’oceanographie. Proprıetes physiques et Chimiques des eaux de mer. Vol. II, Librairie Vuibert, Paris.
Mankovsky, V.I., Vladimirov, V.L. Afonin, E.I. et al. (1996) Long-term variability of the Black Sea water transparency and factors determined its strong decrease in the late 1980s early 1990s., MHI of the Ukr. Acad, of Sci., Sevastopol, 32 pp., (in Russian).
Altman, E.N., Bezborodov, A.A., Bogatova, Yu.I., et al. (1990) Black Sea Hydrobiology. Practical ecology of sea regions. Black Sea. V.P. Keondgyan, A.M. Kudin, Yu. A. Terekhin, (eds.), Nauk. dumka, Kiev,.
V.I. Vedernikov and A.B. Demidov, (1993) Primary production and chlorophyll in the deep regions of the Black Sea Oceanology, v. 33, iss. 2, 229–235
Vinogradov, M.E., Sapozhnikov, V.V., and Shushkina, E.A. (1992) The Black Sea ecosystem, Nauka, Moscow.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vladimirov, V.L., Mankovsky, V.I., Solov’ev, M.V., Mishonov, A.V., Besiktepe, S.T. (1999). Hydro-Optical Studies of the Black Sea: History and Status. In: Beşiktepe, S.T., Ünlüata, Ü., Bologa, A.S. (eds) Environmental Degradation of the Black Sea: Challenges and Remedies. NATO Science Series, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4568-8_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4568-8_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5676-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4568-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive