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Molecular Biology of Chloroplast Genome

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Concepts in Photobiology

Summary

Chloroplasts are highly polyploid, semi-autonomous organelles containing their own DNA (circular) molecules organized into discrete membrane associated nucleoids. Chloroplast genome structure and overall gene order in higher plants are highly conserved. It contains the genes for ribosomal and transfer RNA, and for a substantial number of proteins for Photosystem I and II, ribosomes and stromal enzyme complexes. Chloroplast genome encodes only some of its proteins and rest are encoded in nuclear genome and which are posttranslationally imported into the chloroplast. Three land plant chloroplast genomes have been completely sequenced: the dicotyledon tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the monocotyledon rice (Oryza sativa) and a liverwort (Marchanda polymorpha). In this chapter we have reviewed some of the highlights of research in chloroplast DNA of mainly higher plants which has ultimately led us to the present understanding of the nature of genetic inheritance of plastids. The studies described in this chapter have contributed significantly to the understanding of structure of chloroplast DNA, genes in the chloroplast DNA including light regulated genes and introns, replication and transcription of chloroplast DNA including promoters and transcription terminators.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 11007, India

    Narendra Tuteja & Krishna K. Tewari

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

    Krishna K. Tewari

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  1. Narendra Tuteja
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  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    G. S. Singhal

  2. Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany

    G. Renger  & K.-D. Irrgang  & 

  3. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    S. K. Sopory

  4. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Govindjee

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Tuteja, N., Tewari, K.K. (1999). Molecular Biology of Chloroplast Genome. In: Singhal, G.S., Renger, G., Sopory, S.K., Irrgang, KD., Govindjee (eds) Concepts in Photobiology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_23

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