Skip to main content

Attitude-behavior Relationships

  • Chapter
Handbook of Economic Psychology

Abstract

It is both artificial and impractical to split behavior into clearly distinct compartments, economic behavior vs. non-economic behavior (MacFadyen and MacFadyen, 1986). Psychology and economics share the common problem of developing and testing models which describe, explain and predict the behavior of individuals alone and in groups. Both disciplines have tackled this problem proficiently, albeit with different emphasis. One of the differences is that psychology has been engaged heavily in explaining behavior, sometimes at the expense of trying to predict behavior — assuming that explanation naturally leads to prediction. Economics, on the other hand, has focussed mainly on the prediction of behavior, sometimes neglecting the explanation of behavior — assuming that explanation lies in the prediction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abelson, R.P., 1973, “The structure of belief systems,” in: R.C. Schank and K.M. Colby (eds.), Computer Models of Thought and Language, San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman, pp. 287–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abelson, R.P., 1982, “Three modes of attitude-behavior consistency,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior. The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 131–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelson, S.F., E. Asp, and I. Noble, 1961, Household records of food used and discarded, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 39, 578–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelson, S.F., I. Delaney, C. Miller, and I. Noble, 1963, Discard of edible food in households, Journal of Home Economics, 55, 633–638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahtola, O.T., 1976, Contribution of instrumentality and value to attitudinal affect, Advances in Consumer Research, 4, 117–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., 1982, “On behaving in accordance with one’s attitude,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., and M. Fishbein, 1977, Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research, Psychological Bulletin, 84, 888–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., and M. Fishbein, 1980, Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., C. Timko, and J.B. White, 1982, Self-monitoring and the attitude-behavior relation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 426–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G.W., 1935, “Attitudes,” in: C. Murchison (ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology, Worcester, MA: Clark University Press, pp. 798–844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N.H., and J. Shanteau, 1977, Weak inferences with linear models, Psychological Bulletin, 84, 1155–1170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J.W., 1982, “Old and new conceptions of how expected consequences influence actions,” in: N.T. Feather (ed.), Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 17–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R.P., 1981a, Attitudes, intentions and behavior: A test of some key hypotheses, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 607–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R.P., 198 lb, An examination of the validity of two models of attitude, Multivariate Behavioural Research, 16, 323–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R.P., 1982, A field investigation of causal relations among cognitions, affect, intentions, and behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 562–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, T.X., 1976, Pitfalls in Human Research. Ten Pivotal Points, New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, B.H., and L.R. Beach, 1982, “Expectancy-based decision schemes: Sidesteps toward applications,” in: N.T. Feather (ed.), Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 365–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belk, R.W., 1974, An exploratory assessment of situational effects in buyer behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 11, 156–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belk, R.W., 1975, Situational variables and consumer behavior, Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 157–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P.M., and G. Speckart, 1979, Models of attitude-behavior relations, Psychological Review, 86, 452–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P.M., and G. Speckart, 1981, Attitudes “cause” behaviors: A structural equation analysis, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 226–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L., 1986, A Survey of Social Psychology, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston (third edition).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettman, J.R., N. Capon, and R.J. Lutz, 1975, A multi-method approach to validating multi-attribute attitude models, Advances in Consumer Research, 2, 357–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower, G.H., 1981, Mood and memory, American Psychologist, 36, 129–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower, G.H., and P.R. Cohen, 1982, Emotional influences in memory and thinking: Data and theory, in: M.S. Clark and S.T. Fiske (eds.), Affect and Cognition, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 291–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breckler, S.J., 1984, Empirical validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct components of attitude, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1191–1205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd, R.J., and C.P. Spencer, 1985, Exploring the role of personal normative beliefs in the theory of Reasoned Action: The problem of discriminating between alternative path models, European Journal of Social Psychology, 15, 299–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnkrant, R.E., and T.J. Page, Jr., 1982, An examination of the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of Fishbein’s Behavioral Intention model, Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 550–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J.T., and R.E. Petty, 1982, The need for cognition, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J.T., and R.E. Petty (eds.), 1983, Social Psychophysiology: A Sourcebook, New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J.T., M.E. Losch, L.G. Tassinary, and R.E. Petty, 1986, “Properties of affect and affect-laden information processing as viewed through the facial response system,” in: R.A. Peterson, W.D. Hoyer, and W.R. Wilson (eds.), The Role of Affect in Consumer Behavior: Emerging Theories and Applications, Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, pp. 87–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J.T., R.E. Petty, C. Kao, and R. Rodriguez, 1986, Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion: An Individual Difference Perspective (working paper).

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D.T., 1963, “Social attitudes and other acquired behavioral dispositions,” in: S. Koch (ed.), Psychology: A Study of Science. Investigations of Man as Socius, Their Place in Psychology and the Social Sciences, Vol. 6, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 94–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D.T., and D.W. Fiske, 1959, Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix, Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D.T., and J.C. Stanley, 1966, “Experimental and quasi-experimental design for research,” in: N.L. Gage (ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C.S., 1975, The facilitation of aggression as a function of objective self-awareness and attitudes toward punishment, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 510–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, R.B., and D.J. Baumann, 1981, Littering: A new unobtrusive measure of attitude,Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 254–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A., E. Stotland, and D. Wolfe, 1955, An experimental investigation of need for cognition, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51, 291–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, M.P., J.W. Lounsbury, and G.A. Fontenelle, 1980, An application of Fishbein and Ajzen’s attitudes-subjective norms model to the study of drug use, Journal of Social Psychology, 110, 193–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, T.D., and D.T. Campbell, 1979, Quasi-experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J., and R.T. Croyle, 1984, “Attitudes and attitude change,” in: M.R. Rosenzweig and L.W. Porter (eds.), Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 35, Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, pp. 395–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cote, J.A., 1984, “Use of household refuse analusis to measure usual and period-specific food consumption,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cote, J.A., J. McCullough, and M. Reilly, 1985, Effects of unexpected situations on behavior-intention differences: A garbology analysis, Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 188–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, A.R., and J. Jaccard, 1979, Variables that moderate the attitude-behavior relation:Results of a longitudinal survey, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1364–1376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, A.R., S. Yantis, M. Norwood, and D.E. Montano, 1985, Amount of information about the attitude object and attitude-behavior consistency, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1184–1198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, R.M., and B. Corrigan, 1974, Linear models in decision making, Psychological Bulletin, 81, 95–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeFleur, M.L., and F.R. Westie, 1963, Attitude as a scientific concept, Social Forces, 42, 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutscher, I., 1966, Words and deeds: Social science and social policy, Social Problems, 13, 235–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulany, D.E., 1968, “Awareness, rules, and propositional control: A confrontation with S-R behavior theory,” in: T.R. Dixon and D.L. Horton (eds.), Verbal Behavior and General Behavior Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp. 340–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earl, P., 1983, The Economic Imagination: Towards a Behavioral Analysis of Choice, Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenberg, A.S.C., and G.J. Goodhardt, 1980, Models of Change, New York: J. Walter Thompson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, H.J., 1969, Attitudes, behavior, and the intervening variables, American Sociologist, 4, 35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falbo, T., and H.A. Becker, 1980, “The Fishbein model: `Triumphs, problems and prospects’,” in: T.K. Burch (ed.), Demographic Behavior: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Decision-making, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 125–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., 1985, “How do attitudes guide behavior?” in: R.M. Sorrentino and E.T. Higgins (eds.), The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundation of Social Behavior, New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., and C J Williams, 1986, Attitude-accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations: An investigation of the 1984 Presidential election, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 505–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., and M.P. Zanna, 1981, “Direct experience and attitude-behavior consistency,” in: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 14, New York: Academic Press, pp. 161–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., M.C. Powell, and P.M. Herr, 1983, Toward a process model of the attitude-behavior relation: Accessing one’s attitude upon mere observation of the attitude object, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 723–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., D.M. Sanbomatsu, M.C. Powell, and F.R. Kardes, 1986, On the automatic activation of attitudes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N.T., 1982, “Human values and the prediction of action: An expectancy-valence analysis,” in: N.T. Feather (ed.), Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 263–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischhoff, B., B. Goitein, and Z. Shapira, 1982, “The experienced utility of the expected utility approaches,” in: N.T. Feather (ed.), Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 315–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., 1963, An investigation of the relationships between beliefs about an object and the attitude toward that object, Human Relations, 16, 233–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. (ed.), 1967, Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement, New York: Wiley. Fishbein, M., 1980, “A theory of Reasoned Action: Some applications and implications,” in: H. Howe and M. Page (eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979, Vol. 23, Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., and I. Ajzen, 1972, Attitudes and opinions, Annual Review of Psychology, 23, 487–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., and I. Ajzen, 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., and I. Ajzen, 1976, Misconceptions about the Fishbein model: Reflections on a study by Songer-Nocks, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12, 579–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, G.B., and H.F. Gromoli, 1971, The lost letter technique as a measure of social variables: Some exploratory findings, Social Forces, 50, 113–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foxall, G.R., 1983, Consumer Choice, London, UK: The Macmillan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foxall, G.R., 1984, Evidence for attitudinal-behavioural consistency: Implications for consumer research paradigms, Journal of Economic Psychology, 5, 71–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funder, D.C., and D.J. Ozer, 1983, Behavior as a function of the situation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 107–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., 1983, Inflation and the estimated sizes of notes, Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 349–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., and A. Lewis, 1986, The Economic Mind: The Social Psychology of Economic Behavior, London: Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, F., 1978, Sexual standards and reactions to pornography: Enhancing behavioral consistency through self-focused attention, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 976–987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, M., and N. Fitzhenry, 1976, Fishbein’s subjective norm: Theoretical considera-tions and empirical evidence, Advances in Consumer Research, 3, 477–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E., 1959, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorn, G.J., 1982, The effects of music in advertising on choice behavior: A classical

    Google Scholar 

  • conditioning approach, Journal of Marketing, 46, 94–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorsuch, R.L., and J. Ortberg, 1983, Moral obligation and attitudes: Their relation to behavioral intentions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1025–1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A., 1965, Effects of prior commitment on behavior change after a persuasive communication, Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 595–601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heesacker, M., R.E. Petty, and J.T. Cacioppo, 1983, Field dependence and attitude change: Source credibility can alter persuasion by affecting message-relevant thinking, Journal of Personality, 51, 653–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W.W., 1984, “The method to our madness,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.E., and H. Sigall, 1971, The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude, Psychological Bulletin, 76, 349–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, J.N., and D.A. Kenny, 1981, Estimating the Effects of Social Interventions, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassarjian, H.H., and W.M. Kassarjian, 1979, “Attitudes under low commitment condi-tions,”in: J.C. Maloney and B. Silverman (eds.), Attitude Research Plays for High Stakes, Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, pp. 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katona, G., 1975, Psychological Economics, New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D., 1960, The functional approach to the study of attitudes, Public Opinion Quarterly, 24, 163–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H.C., 1961, Processes of opinion change, Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 57–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidder, L.H., and D.T. Campbell, 1970, “The indirect testing of social attitudes,” in: G.F.Summers (ed.), Attitude Measurement, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally, pp. 333–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kok, G., and S. Siero, 1985, Tin recycling: Awareness, comprehension, attitude, intention and behavior, Journal of Economic Psychology, 6, 157–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landis, D., H.C. Triandis, and J. Adamopoulos, 1978, Habit and behavioral intentions as predictors of social behavior, Journal of Social Psychology, 106, 227–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaPiere, R.T., 1934, Attitudes vs. actions, Social Forces, 13, 230–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibenstein, H., 1976, Beyond Economic Man: A New Foundation for Microeconomics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K., 1951, Field Theory in Social Science, New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, R.J., 1981, “A reconceptualization of the functional approach to attitudes,” in: J.N. Sheth (ed.), Research in Marketing, Vol. 5, Greenwich, CT: Jai Press, pp. 165–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, R.J., and P. Kakkar, 1975, The psychological situation as a determinant of consumer behavior, Advances in Consumer Research, 2, 439–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, J.G., Jr., and T.K. Srull, 1982, Memory and attentional factors in consumer choice: Concepts and research methods, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 18–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacFadyen, A.J., and H.W. MacFadyen (eds.), 1986, Economic Psychology: Intersections in Theory and Application, Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manstead, A.S.R., C. Proffitt, and J.L. Smart, 1983, Predicting and understanding mothers’ infant-feeding intentions and behavior: Testing the theory of Reasoned Action, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 657–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, H., 1982, Selfishness, Altruism and Rationality: A Theory of Social Choice, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D.C., J.W. Atkinson, R.W. Clark, and E.L. Lowell, 1953, The Achievement Motive, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, R.H., 1984, “Recycling,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 93–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, W.J., 1985, “Attitudes and attitude change,” in: G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 2, New York: Random House, pp. 233–346, (third edition).

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, W.J., 1986, The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 89–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midden, C.J.H., 1986, Individu en grootschalige technologie: Een vergelijkend attitudeonderzoek naar de opwekking van elektriciteit met kolen en uraan, Leiden, The Netherlands: Leiden University (dissertation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Midden, C.J.H., and B.S.M. Ritsema, 1983, The meaning of normative processes for energy conservation, Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 37–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, S., 1969, The lost letter technique, Psychology Today, 3, 30–33, 66, 68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miniard, P.W., and T.J. Page, Jr., 1984, Causal relationships in the Fishbein Behavioral Intention model, Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 137–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W., and P. Peake, 1982, “In search of consistency: Measure for measure,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 187–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, A.A., 1979, Involvement: A potentially important mediator of consumer behavior, Advances in Consumer Research, 6, 191–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, T.R., 1974, Expectancy models of job satisfaction, occupational preference and effort: A theoretical, methodological, and empirical appraisal, Psychological Bulletin, 81, 1053–1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, T.R., 1982, “Expectancy-value models in organizational psychology,” in: N.T. Feather (ed.), Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 293–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R.E., and T.D. Wilson, 1977, Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes, Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, R., 1975, Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity and behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 83–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olshaysky, R.W., 1981, Predicting behavior: More theory needed, Advances in Consumer Research, 9, 465–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olshaysky, R.W., 1985, Toward a more comprehensive theory of choice, Advances in Consumer Research, 12, 465–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, T.M., 1969, The relationship between the affective, behavioral and cognitive components of attitude, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 12–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petty, R.E., and J.T. Cacioppo, 1979, Issue-involvement can increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message-relevant cognitive responses, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1915–1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petty, R.E., and J.T. Cacioppo, 1981, Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches, Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petty, R.E., and J.T. Cacioppo, 1986, “The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion,” in: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 19, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petty, R.E., J.T. Cacioppo, and D. Schumann, 1983, Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement, Journal of Consumer Research, 10, 134–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieters, R.G.M., and B. Verplanken, 1986, The Joy of Thinking About Nuclear Energy, paper presented at the 10th Colloquium of the Association for Research in Economic Psychology, Kibbutz Shefayim, Israel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieters, R.G.M., R.E. Petty, and C. Haugtvedt, 1986, The External and Moderating Effect of Need for Cognition on Reasoned Action, Nr. 51, Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Erasmus University (papers on Economic Psychology).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pryor, J.B., F.X. Gibbons, R.A. Wicklund, R.H. Fazio, and R. Hood, 1977, Self-focussed attention and self-report validity, Journal of Personality, 45, 514–527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathje, W.L., 1984, “Where’s the beef?” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 71–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathje, W.L., 1984, “The garbage decade,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 9–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, D.T., and R. Fazio, 1977, On the consistency between attitudes and behavior: look to the method of attitude formation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 28–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, M.D., 1984, “Household refuse analysis and market research,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 115–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rip, P., 1980, The informational basis of self-reports: A preliminary report, Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 140–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritenbaugh, C.K., and G.G. Harrison, 1984, “Reactivity of garbage analysis,” in: W.L. Rathje and C.K. Ritenbaugh (eds.), American Behavioral Scientist, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R., and R.L. Rosnow, 1969, Artifact in Behavioral Research, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J.B., 1954, Social Learning and Clinical Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, M., and E.H. Bonfield, 1975, The Fishbein extended model and consumer behavior, Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 118–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarver, V.T., Jr., 1983, Ajzen and Fishbein’s “Theory of Reasoned Action”: A critical assessment, Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 13, 155–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, M.F., A.H. Buss, and D.M. Buss, 1978, Self-consciousness, self-report of aggressiveness, and aggression, Journal of Research in Personality, 12, 133–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel, R.P., and D. DiTecco, 1982, “Attitudinal structures and attitude-behavior relation,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 17–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoemaker, P.J.H., 1982, The expected utility model: Its variants, purposes, evidence and limitations, Journal of Economic Literature, 20, 529–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, R.D., and S. Orleans, 1967, On legal sanctions, University of Chicago law Review, 34, 274–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H., 1977, “Normative influences on altruism,” in: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 10, New York: Academic Press, pp. 221–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H., and R. Tessler, 1972, A test of a model for reducing measured behavior-attitude discrepancies, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 225–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sechrest, L., and J. Belew, 1983, “Nonreactive measures of social attitudes,” in: L. Bickman (ed.), Applied Social Psychology Annual, Vol. 4, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 23–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sechrest, L., and M. Phillips, 1979, Unobtrusive measures: An overview, New Directions for Methodology of Behavioral Science, 1, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibold, D.R., 1980, “Attitude-verbal report-behavior relationships as causal processes: Formalization, test, and communication implications,” in: D.P. Cushman and R.D. McPhee (eds.), Message-Attitude-Behavior Relationship: Theory, Methodology, and Application, New York: Academic Press, pp. 195–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selltiz, C., L.S. Wrightsman, and S.W. Cook, 1976, Research Methods in Social Relations, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston (third edition).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, S.J., 1980, On the self-erasing nature of errors of prediction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 211–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, S.J., C.C. Presson, L. Chassin, M. Bensenberg, E. Corty, and R.W. Olshaysky, 1982, Smoking intentions in adoloscents: Direct experience and predictability, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 376–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, J.N., 1974, “A field study of attitude structure and the attitude-behavior relationship,” in: J.N. Sheth (ed.), Models of Buyer Behavior, New York: Harper and Row, pp. 242–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shwartz, R.D., and S. Orleans, 1967, On legal sanctions, University of Chicago Law Review, 34, 274–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, I., 1968, The effects of experimenter outcome expectancy on latency of word association, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 60–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivacek, J., and W.D. Crano, 1982, Vested interest as a moderator of attitude-behavior consistency, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 210–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.L., 1982, A structuralist interpretation of the Fishbeinian model of intention, Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 12, 29–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M.B., J.S. Bruner, and R.W. White, 1956, Opinions and Personality, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.E., and W.R. Swingard, 1983, Attitude-behavior consistency: The impact of product trial versus advertising, Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 257–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., 1974, Self-monitoring of expressive behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., 1979, “Self-monitoring processes,” in: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 12, New York: Academic Press, pp. 85–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., 1982, “When believing means doing,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 105–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., and E. Decker Tanke, 1976, Behavior and attitude: Some people are more consistent than others, Journal of Personality, 44, 510–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., and S. Gangestad, 1986, On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assess-ment, matters of validity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 125–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., and D. Kendziersky, 1982, Acting on one’s attitudes: Procedures for linking attitude and behavior, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 165–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., and W.B. Swann, 1976, When actions reflect attitudes: The politics of impression management, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 1034–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., and W.B. Swann, 1978, Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Songer-Nocks, E., 1976, Situational factors affecting the weighting of predictor components in the Fishbein model, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12, 56–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, R.K., 1979, Usage-situational influences on perceptions of product markets: Response homogeneity and its implications for consumer research, Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 644–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroebe, W., and B.S. Frey, 1982, Self-interest and collective action: The economics and psychology of public goods, British Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 121–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudman, S., 1983, “Response effects to behavior and attitude questions,” in: T. Wright (ed.), Statistical Methods and the Improvement of Data Quality, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolman, E.C., 1955, Principles of performance, Psychological Review, 62, 315–326. Triandis, H.C., 1977, Interpersonal Behavior, Monterey, CA: Books/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Raaij, W.F., 1977, Consumer Choice Behavior: An Information Processing Approach, Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University (dissertation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Raaij, W.F., 1981, Economic Psychology, Journal of Economic Psychology, 1, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Raaij, W.F., 1984, Micro and macro economic psychology, Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Raaij, W.F., and T.M.M. Verhallen, 1983, A behavioral model of residential energy use, Journal of Economic Psychology, 3, 39–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhallen, T.M.M., and R.G.M. Pieters, 1984, Attitude theory and behavioral costs, Journal of Economic Psychology, 5, 223–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhallen, T.M.M., and W.F. van Raaij, 1981, Household behavior and the use of natural gas for home heating, Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 253–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Neumann, J., and O. Morgenstern, 1944, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vroom, V.H., 1964, Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlers, R.G., 1982, Number of choice alternatives and number of product characteristics as determinants of the consumers choice of an evaluation process strategy, Advances in Consumer Research, 9, 544–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, L.G., and M.L. DeFleur, 1969, Attitude as an interactional concept: Social constraint and social distance as intervening variables between attitude and action, American Sociological Review, 34, 153–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warshaw, P.R., 1980, A new model for predicting behavioral intentions: An alternative to Fishbein, Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 153–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, E.J., D.T. Campbell, R.D. Schwartz, and L. Sechrest, 1966, Unobtrusive Measures: Nonreactive Research in the Social Sciences, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel, R.H., and L.S. Newman, 1976, Increasing attitude-behavior correspondence by broadening the scope of the behavioral measure, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 793–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, W.D., and L.A. LoSciuto, 1966, Direct observation of purchasing behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 3, 227–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, S.G., and S.P. Gunn, 1978, Some issues of ethics and social psychology, American Psychologist, 33, 30–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A.W., 1969, Attitudes versus actions, Journal of Social Issues, 25, 41–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A.W., 1971, An explanation of the “other variables” explanation of attitude-behavior inconsistency, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 19, 18–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A.W., 1975, Commentaries on Belk’s “situational variables and consumer behavior,”Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 165–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicklund, R.A., 1975, “Objective self-awareness,” in: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 8, New York: Academic Press, pp. 233–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicklund, R.A., 1982, “Self-focussed attention and the validity of self-reports,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 149–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie, W.L., and A. Pessemier, 1973, Issues in marketing’s use of multi-attribute attitude models, Journal of Marketing Research, 10, 428–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witkin, H.A., and D.R. Goodenough, 1976, Field Dependence Revisited, Research Bulletin 76–39, Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodside, A.G., and W.O. Bearden, 1978, Field theory applied to consumer behavior, Research in Marketing, 1, 303–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, P.L., and P. Rip, 1980, Retrospective reports on consumer decision processes: “I can remember if I want to, but why should I bother trying,” Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 146–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R.B., and H. Markus, 1982, Affective and cognitive factors in preferences, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 123–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanna, M.P., and R.H. Fazio, 1982, “The attitude-behavior relation: Moving toward a third generation of research,” in: M.P. Zanna, E T Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 283–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanna, M.P., and J.M. Olson, 1982, “Individual differences in attitudinal relations,” in: M.P. Zanna, E.T. Higgins, and C.P. Herman (eds.), Consistency in Social Behavior, The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 75–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanna, M.P., J.M. Olson, and R.H. Fazio, 1980, Attitude-behavior consistency: An individual difference perspective, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 432–440.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pieters, R.G.M. (1988). Attitude-behavior Relationships. In: van Raaij, W.F., van Veldhoven, G.M., Wärneryd, KE. (eds) Handbook of Economic Psychology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7791-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7791-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8310-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7791-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics