Abstract
Routine measurements of river discharge and total suspended sediment concentration (TSS) are combined with regular analyses for particulate and dissolved cadmium to produce a box model that allows us to propose a cadmium mass balance for the Lot-Garonne man-influenced river system (8400 km2). Nearly half the cadmium in the Garonne river is supplied by the tributary Lot river. Cadmium input onto the Lot river comprises wet deposition from the atmosphere, molecular diffusion at the sediment-water interface, surface-water runoff and discharge from the leaching of waste at a zinc refining plant. Approximately 85% of the cadmium in the Lot river is derived from anthropogenic origin. Cadmium in the industrial discharge is 80% dissolved and 20% in the particulate phase (4.2 and 1.1 t yr−1, respectively). Total inputs are estimated at 4.81 t yr−1 and 1.54 t yr−1 for the dissolved cadmium and for the particulate phase, respectively. Budgeting estimates an output onto the Garonne river of 0.54 t yr−1 for the dissolved cadmium (about 8%) and 6.13 t yr−1 for the particulate cadmium (about 92%) indicating that downstream sediment-associated cadmium fluxes are enhanced by the 4.27 t yr−1 removed from solution and the 0.32 t yr−1 remobilized by the erosion of sediment blanketing the Lot river bed. These figures are found to be comparable with those generated by a dilution model which suggests that 97% of dissolved cadmium is taken up by the particulate phase over 0.5 km downstream from the primary anthropogenic source.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agence de l’eau Adour-Garonne, 1995. Estimation des flux de cadmium et de zinc vehiculés par le Riou-Mort. Rapport interne février: 1–13.
Boulier, B., 1981. Synthèse des résultats dc la surveillance des micropolluants dans la matière vivante. Ministère de l’Environnement, Bulletin du Réseau National d’Observation. 17: 115–174.
Chiffoleau, J. F., D.Auger, E. Chartier, I. Truquez, 1997. Identification et devenir des apports intra-estuariens de metaux-traces dans l’estuaire de la Seine. In Programme scientifique Seine-aval, Rapport 1996/FIN-3: 5–23.
Danielsson, L. G., B. Magnusson. S. Westerlund, K. Zhang, 1982. Trace metal determination in estuarine waters by electrothermal AAS after extraction of dithiocarbonate complexes in freon. Anal. Chim. Acta. 144: 159–175.
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., 1988. Apports fluviatiles et estuariens de plomb, cadmium et cuivre aux océans, comparaisons avec l’apport atmosphérique. Thèse, Université Paris VI. 210 pp.
Etcheber, H., J. M. Jouanneau, 1980. Comparison of the different methods for the recovery of suspended matter from estuarine waters deposition, filtration and centrifugation: consequences for the determination of some heavy metals. Estuar. Coast. mar. se. II: 701–707.
Idlafkih, Z., D. Cossa, M. Meybeck, 1995. Comportements des contaminants en trace dissous et particulaires (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) dans la Seine. Hydroecol. Appl. 7: 127–150.
Jouanneau, J. M., B. Bouffer, J. F. Chiffoleau, C. Latouche, I. Phillips, 1990. Cadmium in the Gironde fluvioestuarine system: behaviour and flow. Sci. Total Envir. 97 /98: 465–469.
Jouanneau, J. M., Y. Lapaquellerie, C. Latouche, 1993. Origin and pathways of Cd contamination in the Gironde estuary, Garonne river and tributaries. In J. P. Vernet (ed.), Environment Contamination. Elsevier: 373–389.
Kraepiel, A. M. L., J. F. Chiffoleau, J-M. Martin, F. M. M. Morel, 1997. Geochemistry of trace metals in the Gironde estuary. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61: 1421–1436.
Lapaquellerie, Y., J. M. Jouanneau, N. Maillet, C. Latouche, 1995. Pollution en cadmium dans les sédiments du Lot (France) et calcul du stock de polluant. Envir. Tech. 16: 1145–1154.
Lapaquellerie, Y., N. Maillet, J. M. Jouanneau, J. P. Coakley, C. Latouche, 1996. Flux de matières en suspension et de cadmium dans le Lot. Hydroecol. Appl. 8: 173–191.
Latouche, C., 1988. La pollution en cadmium de l’Estuaire de la Gironde, Bull. Inst. Géol. Bassin d’Aquitaine 44: 15–21.
Latouche, C., 1992. La pollution par le cadmium des huitres sauvages de l’Estuaire de la Gironde. Origine. Mécanismes responsables de la fixation du cadmium. Ichtyophysiol. Acta 15: 139–152.
Lerman, A., 1979. Geochemical processes water and sediment environments. Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley sons: 481 pp.
Maneux, E., F. E. Grousset, P. Buat-Ménard, G. Lavaux, P. Rimmelin, Y. Lapaquellerie, 1998. High frequency variability of the wet deposition of anthropogenic heavy metals: the Arcachon Lagoon (SW france). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. (in press).
Martin, J. M., M. Whitfield, 1983. The significance of the river input of chemical elements to the oceans. In C. S. Wong, E. Boyle, K. W. Bruland, J. D. Burton & E. D. Goldberg (eds) Trace metals in Sea Water. New-York: Plenum: 265–296.
Massio, J. C., 1976. Facteurs d’évolution des matières en suspension minérales et organiques dans les eaux du Lot. Thèse Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse: 135 pp.
Meybeck, M., 1992. Etablissement des flux polluants. Rapport final, Agence de l’Eau Adour-Garonne.
Meybeck, M., A. Pasco A. Ragu, 1994. Etablissement des flux polluants dans les rivières: pourquoi, comment et à quel prix. 4ème Rencontres de l’Agence Régionale pour l’Environnement. Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur. Colloque scientifique sur les charges polluantes véhiculées par les fleuves et les rivières en Méditerranée.Collection 1991–1992–1993.
Roux, M., F. Simonet, 1987. Pollutions accidentelles du Lot: Flux polluant. Revue de l’Agence de l’Eau Adour-Garonne. 34: 7–9.
Trefry, J. H., B. J. Presley, 1976. Heavy metal transport from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. In H. L. Windom R. A. Duce (eds), Marine Pollutant Transport, Mass: Lexington Books: 39–76.
Valenta, R, M. L. S. Simoes-Gonsalves, M. Sugawara, 1984. Voltametric studies on the speciation of Cd and Zn by amino acids in sea water. In C. J. M. Kramer, J. C. Duinker (eds), Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Water. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 357–365.
Van der Weijden, C. H., M. Middelburg, 1989. Hydrogeochemistry of the river Rhine. Wat. Res. 10: 1247–1266.
Webb, B. W., J. M. Phillips, D. E. Walling, I. G. Littlewood, C. Watts, G. J. L. Leeks, 1997. Load estimation methodologies for British rivers and their relevance to the LOIS RACS (R) programme. Sci. Total Envir. 194 /195: 379–389.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Blanc, G., Lapaquellerie, Y., Maillet, N., Anschutz, P. (1999). A cadmium budget for the Lot-Garonne fluvial system (France). In: Garnier, J., Mouchel, JM. (eds) Man and River Systems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 146. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2163-9_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2163-9_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5393-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2163-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive