Abstract
The acceptance of the United Nations Charter by the overwhelming majority of the members of the family of nations brings to mind the first great European or world charter, the Peace of Westphalia. To it is traditionally attributed the importance and dignity of being the first of several attempts to establish something resembling world unity on the basis of states exercising untrammeled sovereignty over certain territories and subordinated to no earthly authority.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Sir A.W. Ward, The Peace of Westphalia, The Cambridge Modern History, Vol. IV, 1934, p. 416: “... the provision made for individual freedom in the exercise of any of the recognized religions was insufficient; and from the dominions of the House of Austria as a whole, Protestant worship was deliberately excluded.” But see Yves de la Brière, La Société des Nations?, 1918, p. 57.
Protocol of June 28, 1878. 69 British and Foreign State Papers, 1877-1878, p. 960; English translation from the “Letter addressed to M. Paderewski by the President of the Conference (M. Clemenceau) transmitting to him the Treaty to be signed by Poland under Article 93 of the Treaty of Peace with Germany” of June 24, 1919. 112 British and Foreign State Papers, 1919, p. 226. See also George A. Finch, “The International Rights of Man,” in this Journal, Vol. 35 (1941), p. 662.
David Jayne Hill, A History of Diplomacy in the International Development of Europe, Vol. II, 1925, p. 602; but see La Brière, work cited, p. 67.
Christian L. Lange, Histoire de l’Internationalisme, Vol. 1, 1919, p. 498.
F. S. Dunn, “International Legislation,” 42 Political Science Quarterly (1927), p. 577.
W. Van der Vlugt, “L’Oeuvre de Grotius et son Influence sur le Développement du Droit International,” 7 Recueil des Cours (1925), p. 448; Mirabelli, work cited, pp. 54, 92. But see John N. Figgis, From Gerson Grotius, 1414-1625, 1916, p. 284, n. 13. This merit is now claimed for Gentili: A. P. Sereni, The Italian Conception of International Law, 1943, p. 114, “His first merit lies in having cleared the field of international law from the dogmas of a particular religion and of having distinguished the juridical from the ethical and political aspects of the problems debated.”.
Kaeber, work cited, p. 41; G. L. Comte de Garden, Histoire Générale des Traités de Paix, Vol. I, 1848, pp. 246, 250.
J. Du Mont, Corps Universel Diplomatique du Droit des Gens, Vol. VI, Part I, 1708, p. 463.
Sir Paul Vinogradoff, “Historical Types of International Law,” 1 Bibliotheca Visseriana (1923), p. 45.
Van Vollenhoven, work cited, p. 81; G. F. de Martens, Traité de Droit International, Vol. I, 1883, p. 117; similarly Paul Fauchille, work cited, p. 75. Fauchille underscores la reconnaissance par les Etats européens de la solidarité de leurs intérêts politiques dans l’application de l’idée qu’un certain équilibre politique était l’un des facteurs de la paix; Oppenheim, work cited, p. 69;.
H. Treitschke, Politics (English translation), Vol. II, 1916, p. 569; Montagu Bernard, Four Lectures on Subjects Connected with Diplomacy, 1868, p. 6; T. J. Lawrence, “The Work of Grotius as a Reformer of International Law, “Essays on Some Disputed Questions of International Law, 1885, p. 189.
Edwin L. Borchard, “International Law,” 8 Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 1935, p. 169; James Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, 1866 (revised edition), p. 372; see also Mirabelli, work cited, p. 8; Jacob ter Meulen, Der Gedanke der Internationalen Organisation in seiner Entwicklung, 1300-1800, 1917, p. 24; Hill, work cited, Vol. III, p. vii; same, Vol. II, 1906, p. 599, 604; Wolfgang Windelband, Die auswärtige Politik der Grossmächte in der Neuzeit. Von 1494 bis zur Gegenwart, 4th ed. (1936), p. 126 f.; see also Singer, “Völkerrechtsgeschichte,” Wörterbuch des Völkerrechts, edited by Strupp, Vol. III, 1929, p. 193; Dupuis, work cited, pp. 13, 21;.
T. A. Walker, A History of the Law of Nations, 1899, Vol. I, pp. 147 and ff.; The Collected Papers of John Westlake on Public International Law, ed., by L. Oppenheim, 1914, pp. 55 ff.; E. H. Carr, Nationalism and After, 1945, p. 1.
Barker, work cited, p. 62; James Brown Scott, The Law, the State, and the International Community, Vol. II, 1939, p. 255.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gross, L. (1984). The Peace of Westphalia, 1648–1948. In: Essays on International Law and Organization. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7048-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7048-4_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-941320-15-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-7048-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive