Skip to main content

Contextual Influences on Feedback Practices: An Ecological Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Scaling up Assessment for Learning in Higher Education

Part of the book series: The Enabling Power of Assessment ((EPAS,volume 5))

Abstract

Critique has been levelled at the use of models for feedback practices that ignore context in health professions education. Models such as the ‘feedback sandwich’ are often adopted as rules to be followed regardless of the situation. In this chapter, we utilise an updated version of the Bronfenbrenner ecological framework of human development to unpack contextual influences on feedback practices at different levels. The framework seeks to integrate and conceptualise the environment and other influences on behaviour. The implication of the interplay of these networked systems on feedback practices and consequences for learners is that a one-size feedback intervention is not suitable for all situations. Promoting feedback by design involves taking context into account for each of the systems. A step forward in terms of scaling up effective feedback practices would be through using this contextual mapping to improve feedback literacy of students and staff. On the basis of our mapping, we highlight the usefulness of ecological models for research and practice in assessment for learning in higher education and propose recommendations for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Barton, K. L., Schofield, S. J., McAleer, S., & Ajjawi, R. (2016). Translating evidence-based guidelines to improve feedback practices: The interACT case study. BMC Medical Education, 16(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Molloy, E. K. (2013). Rethinking models of feedback for learning: The challenge of design. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(6), 698–712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carless, D. (2006). Differing perceptions in the feedback process. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 219–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carless, D., Salter, D., Yang, M., & Lam, J. (2011). Developing sustainable feedback practices. Studies in Higher Education, 36(4), 395–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, C. (2003). Rethinking scale: Moving beyond numbers to deep and lasting change. Educational Researcher, 32(6), 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieckmann, P., Molin Friis, S., Lippert, A., & Østergaard, D. (2009). The art and science of debriefing in simulation: Ideal and practice. Medical Teacher, 31(7), 287–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eva, K. W., Armson, H., Holmboe, E., Lockyer, J., Loney, E., Mann, K., et al. (2012). Factors influencing responsiveness to feedback: On the interplay between fear, confidence, and reasoning processes. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 17(1), 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eva, K. W., & Regehr, G. (2005). Self-Assessment in the health professions: A reformulation and research agenda. Academic Medicine, 80(Suppl), S46–S54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, L., Bourgeois-Law, G., Ajjawi, R., & Regehr, G. (2016). An autoethnographic exploration of the use of goal oriented feedback to enhance brief clinical teaching encounters. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernando, N., Cleland, J., McKenzie, H., & Cassar, K. (2008). Identifying the factors that determine feedback given to undergraduate medical students following formative mini-CEX assessments. Medical Education, 42(1), 89–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, G. (2012). A view of the assessment and feedback landscape: Baseline analysis of policy and practice from the JISC Assessment & Feedback programme. Retrieved from http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/elearning/Assessment/JISCAFBaselineReportMay2012.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, G., & Simpson, C. (2004). Conditions under which assessment supports students’ learning. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education, 1, 3–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, M., & Fins, J. (2006). Power and communication: Why simulation training ought to be complemented by experiential and humanist learning. Academic Medicine, 81(3), 265–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, P., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., & Johnson, M. H. (2005). Developing essential professional skills: A framework for teaching and learning about feedback. BMC Medical Education, 5(1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121–1134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, E. K. (2009). Time to pause: Feedback in clinical education. In C. Delaney & E. K. Molloy (Eds.), Clinical education in the health professions. Sydney, Australia: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, E. K., & Boud, D. (2013). Seeking a different angle on feedback in clinical education: The learner as seeker, judge and user of performance information. Medical Education, 47(3), 227–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, E. K., & Boud, D. (2014). Feedback models for learning, teaching and performance. In J. M. Spector, M. D. Merrill, J. Elen, & M. J. Bishop (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (4th ed., pp. 413–424). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, E. K., Borello, F., & Epstein, R. (2013). The impact of emotion in feedback. In D. Boud & E. Molloy (Eds.), Feedback in higher education (pp. 50–71). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch-Eaton, D., & Sargeant, J. (2012). Maturational differences in undergraduate medical students’ perceptions about feedback. Medical Education, 46(7), 711–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, J. W., & Neal, Z. P. (2013). Nested or networked? Future directions for ecological systems theory. Social Development, 22(4), 722–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicol, D. (2010). From monologue to dialogue: Improving written feedback processes in mass higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 35(5), 501–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, J., Armson, H., Chesluk, B., Dornan, T., Eva, K., Holmboe, E., et al. (2010). The processes and dimensions of informed self-assessment: A conceptual model. Academic Medicine, 85(7), 1212–1220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, J., Mann, K., Sinclair, D., van der Vleuten, C., & Metsemakers, J. (2008). Understanding the influence of emotions and reflection upon multi-source feedback acceptance and use. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 13(3), 275–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tai, J. H.-M., Canny, B. J., Haines, T. P., & Molloy, E. K. (2015). The role of peer-assisted learning in building evaluative judgement: Opportunities in clinical medical education. Advances in Health Sciences Education. doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9659-0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Telio, S., Ajjawi, R., & Regehr, G. (2015). The “educational alliance” as a framework for reconceptualizing feedback in medical education. Academic Medicine, 90(5), 609–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Telio, S., Regehr, G., & Ajjawi, R. (in press). Feedback and the educational alliance: Examining credibility judgments and their consequences. Medical Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, L. M., Rees, C. E., & Ker, J. S. (2014). Making sense of feedback experiences: A multi-school study of medical students' narratives. Medical Education, 48(2), 189–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, L. M., Rees, C. E., & Ker, J. S. (2015). Exploring feedback in context at medical school through video-reflexive ethnography. Paper presented at the Association for Medical Education in Europe, Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre, Glasgow, Scotland. Paper retrieved from https://www.amee.org/getattachment/amee-news/AMEE-2015-Abstract-Book/Final-Abstract-Book-as-at-3-SEptember-2015.pdf

  • Watling, C., Driessen, E., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Lingard, L. (2014). Learning culture and feedback: An international study of medical athletes and musicians. Medical Education, 48(7), 713–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watling, C., Driessen, E., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Vanstone, M., & Lingard, L. (2013a). Beyond individualism: Professional culture and its influence on feedback. Medical Education, 47(6), 585–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watling, C., Driessen, E., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Vanstone, M., & Lingard, L. (2013b). Music lessons: Revealing medicine’s learning culture through a comparison with that of music. Medical Education, 47(8), 842–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J., & Kane, D. (2009). Assessment and feedback: Institutional experiences of student feedback, 1996–2007. Higher Education Quarterly, 63(3), 264–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yardley, S., Irvine, A. W., & Lefroy, J. (2013). Minding the gap between communication skills simulation and authentic experience. Medical Education, 47(5), 495–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rola Ajjawi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ajjawi, R., Molloy, E., Bearman, M., Rees, C.E. (2017). Contextual Influences on Feedback Practices: An Ecological Perspective. In: Carless, D., Bridges, S., Chan, C., Glofcheski, R. (eds) Scaling up Assessment for Learning in Higher Education. The Enabling Power of Assessment, vol 5. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3045-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3045-1_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3043-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3045-1

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics