Skip to main content

Feature Learning for Facial Kinship Verification

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Facial Kinship Verification

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Computer Science ((BRIEFSCOMPUTER))

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss feature learning techniques for facial kinship verification. We first review two well-known hand-crafted facial descriptors including local binary patterns (LBP) and the Gabor feature. Then, we introduce a compact binary face descriptor (CBFD) method which learns face descriptors directly from raw pixels. Unlike LBP which samples small-size neighboring pixels and computes binary codes with a fixed coding strategy, CBFD samples large-size neighboring pixels and learn a feature filter to obtain binary codes automatically. Subsequently, we present a prototype-based discriminative feature learning(PDFL) method to learn mid-level discriminative features with low-level descriptor for kinship verification. Unlike most existing prototype-based feature learning methods which learn the model with a strongly labeled training set, this approach works on a large unsupervised generic set combined with a small labeled training set. To better use multiple low-level features for mid-level feature learning, a multiview PDFL (MPDFL) method is further proposed to learn multiple mid-level features to improve the verification performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.kinfacew.com.

  2. 2.

    http://www.kinfacew.com.

  3. 3.

    http://chenlab.ece.cornell.edu/projects/KinshipVerification.

  4. 4.

    http://www.ece.neu.edu/~yunfu/research/Kinface/Kinface.htm.

References

  1. Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., Pietikäinen, M.: Face recognition with local binary patterns. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 469–481 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., et al.: Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(12), 2037–2041 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bengio, Y., Lamblin, P., Popovici, D., Larochelle, H.: Greedy layer-wise training of deep networks. In: NIPS, pp. 153–160 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Vincent, P.: Representation learning: a review and new perspectives. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(8), 1798–1828 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Beveridge, J.R., She, K., Draper, B., Givens, G.H.: Parametric and nonparametric methods for the statistical evaluation of human id algorithms. In: International Workshop on the Empirical Evaluation of Computer Vision Systems (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bickel, S., Scheffer, T.: Multi-view clustering. In: IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 19–26 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cao, Z., Yin, Q., Tang, X., Sun, J.: Face recognition with learning-based descriptor. In: CVPR, pp. 2707–2714 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Deng, W., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Guo, J.: The small sample size problem of ICA: a comparative study and analysis. Pattern Recognit. 45(12), 4438–4450 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Deng, W., Hu, J., Lu, J., Guo, J.: Transform-invariant pca: a unified approach to fully automatic face alignment, representation, and recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(6), 1275–1284 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Dornaika, F., Bosaghzadeh, A.: Exponential local discriminant embedding and its application to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 43(3), 921–934 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Efron, B., Hastie, T., Johnstone, I., Tibshirani, R.: Least angle regression. Ann. Stat. 32(2), 407–499 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Fang, R., Tang, K., Snavely, N., Chen, T.: Towards computational models of kinship verification. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 1577–1580 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fang, R., Gallagher, A.C., Chen, T., Loui, A.: Kinship classification by modeling facial feature heredity, pp. 2983–2987 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gong, Y., Lazebnik, S.: Iterative quantization: a procrustean approach to learning binary codes. In: CVPR, pp. 817–824 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Guo, G., Wang, X.: Kinship measurement on salient facial features. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 61(8), 2322–2325 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hinton, G.E., Osindero, S., Teh, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18(7), 1527–1554 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang, G.B., Ramesh, M., Berg, T., Learned-Miller, E.: Labeled faces in the wild: a database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments. Technical Reports 07-49, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Huang, G.B., Lee, H., Learned-Miller, E.: Learning hierarchical representations for face verification with convolutional deep belief networks. In: IEEE International Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2518–2525 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hussain, S.U., Napoléon, T., Jurie, F., et al.: Face recognition using local quantized patterns. In: BMVC, pp. 1–12 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hyvärinen, A., Hurri, J., Hoyer, P.O.: Independent component analysis. Natural Image Statistics, pp. 151–175 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ji, S., Xu, W., Yang, M., Yu, K.: 3D convolutional neural networks for human action recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(1), 221–231 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jin, H., Liu, Q., Lu, H., Tong, X.: Face detection using improved LBP under bayesian framework. In: International Conference on Image and Graphics, pp. 306–309 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kan, M., Xu, D., Shan, S., Li, W., Chen, X.: Learning prototype hyperplanes for face verification in the wild. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(8), 3310–3316 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kohli, N., Singh, R., Vatsa, M.: Self-similarity representation of weber faces for kinship classification. In: IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, pp. 245–250 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1106–1114 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Le, Q.V., Karpenko, A., Ngiam, J., Ng, A.Y.: Ica with reconstruction cost for efficient overcomplete feature learning. In: NIPS, pp. 1017–1025 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Le, Q.V., Zou, W.Y., Yeung, S.Y., Ng, A.Y.: Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis. In: CVPR, pp. 3361–3368 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Le, Q.V., Zou, W.Y., Yeung, S.Y., Ng, A.Y.: Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3361–3368 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lei, Z., Pietikainen, M., Li, S.Z.: Learning discriminant face descriptor. PAMI 36(2), 289–302 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Li, X., Shen, C., Dick, A.R., van den Hengel, A.: Learning compact binary codes for visual tracking. In: CVPR, pp. 2419–2426 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Liu, C., Wechsler, H.: Gabor feature based classification using the enhanced fisher linear discriminant model for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 11(4), 467–476 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lowe, D.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 60(2), 91–110 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Lu, J., Tan, Y.P.: Regularized locality preserving projections and its extensions for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 40(3), 958–963 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Lu, J., Zhou, X., Tan, Y.P., Shang, Y., Zhou, J.: Neighborhood repulsed metric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(2), 331–345 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lu, J., Liong, V.E., Zhou, X., Zhou, J.: Learning compact binary face descriptor for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37(10), 2041–2056 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Norouzi, M., Fleet, D., Salakhutdinov, R.: Hamming distance metric learning. In: NIPS, pp. 1070–1078 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Qiao, Z., Zhou, L., Huang, J.Z.: Sparse linear discriminant analysis with applications to high dimensional low sample size data. Int. J. Appl. Math. 39(1), 48–60 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Rifai, S., Vincent, P., Muller, X., Glorot, X., Bengio, Y.: Contractive auto-encoders: Explicit invariance during feature extraction. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 833–840 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Somanath, G., Kambhamettu, C.: Can faces verify blood-relations? In: IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, pp. 105–112 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Trzcinski, T., Lepetit, V.: Efficient discriminative projections for compact binary descriptors. In: ECCV, pp. 228–242 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Vincent, P., Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y., Manzagol, P.A.: Extracting and composing robust features with denoising autoencoders. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1096–1103 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wang, N., Yeung, D.Y.: Learning a deep compact image representation for visual tracking. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 809–817 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Wang, J., Kumar, S., Chang, S.F.: Semi-supervised hashing for scalable image retrieval. In: CVPR, pp. 3424–3431 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Weiss, Y., Torralba, A., Fergus, R.: Spectral hashing. In: NIPS, pp. 1753–1760 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wen, Z., Yin, W.: A feasible method for optimization with orthogonality constraints. Math. Program. 1–38 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Xia, S., Shao, M., Fu, Y.: Kinship verification through transfer learning. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 2539–2544 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Xia, S., Shao, M., Fu, Y.: Toward kinship verification using visual attributes. In: IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 549–552 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Xia, S., Shao, M., Luo, J., Fu, Y.: Understanding kin relationships in a photo. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 14(4), 1046–1056 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Xu, Y., Li, X., Yang, J., Lai, Z., Zhang, D.: Integrating conventional and inverse representation for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 44(10), 1738–1746 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Yan, H., Lu, J., Deng, W., Zhou, X.: Discriminative multimetric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9(7), 1169–1178 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Yan, H., Lu, J., Zhou, X.: Prototype-based discriminative feature learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 45(11), 2535–2545 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Yang, J., Zhang, D., Yang, J.Y.: Constructing pca baseline algorithms to reevaluate ica-based face-recognition performance. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 37(4), 1015–1021 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhou, X., Hu, J., Lu, J., Shang, Y., Guan, Y.: Kinship verification from facial images under uncontrolled conditions. In: ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 953–956 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Zhou, X., Lu, J., Hu, J., Shang, Y.: Gabor-based gabor-based gradient orientation pyramid for kinship verification under uncontrolled environments. In: ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 725–728 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haibin Yan .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yan, H., Lu, J. (2017). Feature Learning for Facial Kinship Verification. In: Facial Kinship Verification. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4484-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4484-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4483-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4484-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics