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Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function pp 353–363Cite as

Conformational Equilibrium of Human Platelet Integrin Investigated by Three-Dimensional Electron Cryo-Microscopy

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Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 87))

Abstract

Integrins are bidirectional transmembrane receptors that play central roles in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. They have been subject to structural studies for many years, in particular using X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and two-dimensional negative stain electron microscopy. Despite considerable progress, a full consensus on the molecular mechanism of integrin activation is still lacking. Three-dimensional reconstructions of full-length human platelet integrin αIIbβ3 in lipid-bilayer nanodiscs obtained by electron cryo-microscopy and single-particle reconstruction have shed new light on the activation process. These studies show that integrin αIIbβ3 exists in a continuous conformational equilibrium ranging from a compact nodular conformation similar to that obtained in crystal structures to a fully extended state with the leg domains separated. This equilibrium is shifted towards the extended conformation when extracellular ligands, cytosolic activators and lipid-bilayer nanodiscs are added. Addition of cytosolic activators and extracellular ligands in the absense of nanodiscs produces significantly less dramatic shifts, emphasizing the importance of the membrane bilayer in the activation process.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Institute of Health research grants CA179087, OD012372 (DH) and GM115972 (NV).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA

    Dorit Hanein & Niels Volkmann

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  1. Dorit Hanein
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  2. Niels Volkmann
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Correspondence to Niels Volkmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    J. Robin Harris

  2. Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Egbert J. Boekema

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Hanein, D., Volkmann, N. (2018). Conformational Equilibrium of Human Platelet Integrin Investigated by Three-Dimensional Electron Cryo-Microscopy. In: Harris, J., Boekema, E. (eds) Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 87. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_12

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