Abstract
Plants under natural conditions often face multiple environmental constraints in terms of submergence, temperature extremes, salinity, and drought stress. Plant growth and productivity is negatively influenced by these abiotic stresses. Presently, a variety of approaches are being used to overcome abiotic stresses in plants. Recently, seed soaking with various priming agents has emerged as a promising strategy to induce tolerance in plants against abiotic stresses. In seed priming, seeds are treated with synthetic or natural compounds prior to germination so as to initiate specific physiological state in plants. Seed priming could also be defined as physiological state which enables plants to more quickly respond to abiotic stresses. Plants raised from seeds treated with various priming agents tend to show greater abiotic stress tolerance over unprimed seeds. Induction of abiotic stress tolerance through priming is an intricate process that involves various metabolic events. Primed seeds show early and uniform germination and seedling emergence. Seed priming enables plants to survive adverse environmental conditions and gives appropriate yield. In this book chapter, we have discussed a wide range of chemical which are extensively being used for seed priming.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abbate PE, Dardanelli JL, Cantarero MG, Maturano M, Melchiori RJM, Suero EE (2004) Climatic and water availability effects on water-use efficiency in wheat. Crop Sci 44(2):474–483
Abebe AT, Modi A (2009) Hydro-priming in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Res J Seed Sci 2(2):23–31
Adams S, Cockshull K, Cave C (2001) Effect of temperature on the growth and development of tomato fruits. Ann Bot 88(5):869–877
Afzal I, Basra SMA, Ahmad N, Farooq M (2005) Optimization of hormonal priming techniques for alleviation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Agami RA (2014) Applications of ascorbic acid or proline increase resistance to salt stress in barley seedlings. Biol Plant 58(2):341–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-014-0392-y
Ahmad S (2012) Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in biology. Springer
Ahmad A, Diwan H, Abrol YP (2010) Global climate change, stress and plant productivity. In: Pareek A, Sopory SK, Bohnert HJ (eds) Abiotic stress adaptation in plants: physiological, molecular and genomic foundation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 503–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3112-9_23
Ahmadvand G, Soleimani F, Saadatian B, Pouya M (2012) Effects of seed priming on germination and emergence traits of two soybean cultivars under salinity stress. J Basic Appl Sci Res 3:234–241
Akbari G, Sanavy S, Yousefzadeh S (2007) Effect of auxin and salt stress (NaCl) on seed germination of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak J Biol Sci PJBS 10(15):2557–2561
Aldesuquy H, Baka Z, Mickky B (2014) Kinetin and spermine mediated induction of salt tolerance in wheat plants: leaf area, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure of flag leaf at ear emergence. Egypt J Basic Appl Sci 1(2):77–87
Ali Q, Ashraf M, Shahbaz M, Humera H (2008) Ameliorating effect of foliar applied proline on nutrient uptake in water stressed maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Pak J Bot 40(1):211–219
Al-Mudaris MA, Jutzi SC (1999) The influence of fertilizer-based seed priming treatments on emergence and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum in pot trials under greenhouse conditions. J Agron Crop Sci 182(2):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.1999.00293.x
Amooaghaie R (2011) The effect of hydro and osmopriming on alfalfa seed germination and antioxidant defenses under salt stress. Afr J Biotechnol 10(33):6269–6275
Anjum F, Yaseen M, Rasul E, Wahid A, Anjum S (2003) Water stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). II. Effect on chemical composition and chlorophyll contents. Pak J Agric Sci 40:45–49
Anosheh HP, Sadeghi H, Emam Y (2011) Chemical priming with urea and KNO3 enhances maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) seed viability under abiotic stress. J Crop Sci Biotechnol 14(4):289–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-011-0039-x
Arif M, Waqas M, Nawab K, Shahid M (2007) Effect of seed priming in Zn solutions on chickpea and wheat. Afr Crop Sci Pro 8:237–240
Arif M, Jan MT, Marwat KB, Khan MA (2008) Seed priming improves emergence and yield of soybean. Pak J Bot 40(3):1169–1177
Ashraf M, Bray C (1993) DNA synthesis in osmoprimed leek (Allium porrum L.) seeds and evidence for repair and replication
Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007) Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot 59(2):206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006
Ashraf M, Rauf H (2001) Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol Plant 23(4):407–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-001-0050-9
Ashraf M, Iqbal M, Hussain I, Rasheed R (2015a) Physiological and biochemical approaches for salinity tolerance. Managing salt tolerance in plants: molecular and genomic perspectives, 79
Ashraf MA, Rasheed R, Hussain I, Iqbal M, Haider MZ, Parveen S, Sajid MA (2015b) Hydrogen peroxide modulates antioxidant system and nutrient relation in maize (Zea mays L.) under water-deficit conditions. Arch Agron Soil Sci 61(4):507–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2014.938644
Bajehbaj AA (2010) The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in sunflower germination and seedling grown under salinity conditions. Afr J Biotechnol 9(12):1764–1770
Barba-EspÃn G, Hernández JA, Diaz-Vivancos P (2012) Role of H2O2 in pea seed germination. Plant Signal Behav 7(2):193–195. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.18881
Barnabás B, Jäger K, Fehér A (2008) The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant Cell Environ 31(1):11–38
Basra SMA, Pannu IA, Afzal I (2003) Evaluation of seedling vigor of hydro and matriprimed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Int J Agric Biol 5(2):121–123
Baxter A, Mittler R, Suzuki N (2013) ROS as key players in plant stress signalling. J Exp Bot 65(5):1229–1240
Bhaskara Reddy M, Arul J, Angers P, Couture L (1999) Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. J Agric Food Chem 47(3):1208–1216
Bielen A, Remans T, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A (2013) The influence of metal stress on the availability and redox state of ascorbate, and possible interference with its cellular functions. Int J Mol Sci 14(3):6382–6413
Bisht C, Badoni A, Vashishtha R, Nautiyal M (2009) Photoperiodic effect on seed germination in pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium vis.) under the influence of some growth regulators. J Am Sci 5:147–150
Bota J, Medrano H, Flexas J (2004) Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress? New Phytol 162(3):671–681
Brocklehurst PA, Dearman J, Drew RLK (1984) Effects of osmotic priming on seed germination and seedling growth in leek. Sci Hortic 24(3):201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(84)90103-1
Busch S, Lorenz CD, Taylor J, Pardo LC, McLain SE (2014) Short-range interactions of concentrated proline in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem B 118(49):14267–14277
Cakmak I (2005) The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 168(4):521–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420485
Caseiro R, Bennett M, Marcos-Filho J (2004) Comparison of three priming techniques for onion seed lots differing in initial seed quality. Seed Sci Technol 32(2):365–375
Cayuela E, Pérez-Alfocea F, Caro M, BolarÃn MC (1996) Priming of seeds with NaCl induces physiological changes in tomato plants grown under salt stress. Physiol Plant 96(2):231–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00207.x
Chen K, Arora R (2011) Dynamics of the antioxidant system during seed osmopriming, post-priming germination, and seedling establishment in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Plant Sci 180(2):212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.007
Chen THH, Murata N (2002) Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5(3):250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00255-8
Chen THH, Murata N (2008) Glycinebetaine: an effective protectant against abiotic stress in plants. Trends Plant Sci 13(9):499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.06.007
Chen TH, Murata N (2011) Glycinebetaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant Cell Environ 34(1):1–20
Chen CC, Sung JM (2001) Priming bitter gourd seeds with selenium solution enhances germinability and antioxidative responses under sub-optimal temperature. Physiol Plant 111(1):9–16. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110102.x
Chinnusamy V, Jagendorf A, Zhu J-K (2005) Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci 45(2):437–448
Cuartero J, Fernández-Muñoz R (1998) Tomato and salinity. Sci Hortic 78(1):83–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00191-5
Cuin TA, Shabala S (2007) Compatible solutes reduce ROS-induced potassium efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell Environ 30(7):875–885. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01674.x
Dalvi AA, Bhalerao SA (2013) Response of plants towards heavy metal toxicity: an overview of avoidance, tolerance and uptake mechanism. Ann Plant Sci 2(09):362–368
Demir I, Mavi K (2004) The effect of priming on seedling emergence of differentially matured watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) seeds. Sci Hortic 102(4):467–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.012
Demir I, Ozuaydın I, Yasar F, Van Staden J (2012) Effect of smoke-derived butenolide priming treatment on pepper and salvia seeds in relation to transplant quality and catalase activity. S Afr J Bot 78:83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.05.009
Draganic I, Lekic S (2012) Seed priming with antioxidants improves sunflower seed germination and seedling growth under unfavorable germination conditions. Turk J Agric For 36(4):421–428
Dubrovsky JG (1996) Seed hydration memory in Sonoran Desert cacti and its ecological implication. Am J Bot 83:624–632
Duncan DR, Widholm JM (1987) Proline accumulation and its implication in cold tolerance of regenerable maize callus. Plant Physiol 83(3):703–708
Egilla J, Davies F, Boutton T (2005) Drought stress influences leaf water content, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at three potassium concentrations. Photosynthetica 43(1):135–140
Ehsanpour AA, Fatahian N (2003) Effects of salt and proline on Medicago sativa callus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 73(1):53–56. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022619523726
Eisvand H, Tavakkol-Afshari R, Sharifzadeh F, Maddah Arefi H, Hesamzadeh Hejazi S (2010) Effects of hormonal priming and drought stress on activity and isozyme profiles of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seed of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum Host). Seed Sci Technol 38(2):280–297
Elkoca E, Haliloglu K, Esitken A, Ercisli S (2007) Hydro- and osmopriming improve chickpea germination. Acta Agric Scand Sect B Soil Plant Sci 57(3):193–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710600914087
El-Ramady H, Abdalla N, Alshaal T, Domokos-Szabolcsy E, Elhawat N, Prokisch J, Sztrik A, Fári M, El-Marsafawy S, Shams MS (2015) Selenium in soils under climate change, implication for human health. Environ Chem Lett 13(1):1–19
Farahbakhsh H (2012) Germination and seedling growth in un-primed and primed seeds of Fenel as affected by reduced water potential induced by NaCl. Int Res J App Basic Sci 3(4):737–744
Farhoudi R, Sharifzadeh F (2006) The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings grown under saline conditions. Indian J Crop Sci 1(1–2):74–78
Farooq M, Basra SM, Rehman H, Mehmood T (2006) Germination and early seedling growth as affected by pre-sowing ethanol seed treatments in fine rice. Int J Agric Biol 8:19–22
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra S (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron Sustain Dev 29(1):185–212
Fedoroff N, Battisti D, Beachy R, Cooper P, Fischhoff D, Hodges C, Knauf V, Lobell D, Mazur B, Molden D (2010) Radically rethinking agriculture for the 21st century. Science 327(5967):833–834
Filippou P, Bouchagier P, Skotti E, Fotopoulos V (2014) Proline and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species metabolism is involved in the tolerant response of the invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima to drought and salinity. Environ Exp Bot 97:1–10
Flora SJ (2009) Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2(4):191–206
Flowers TJ, Colmer TD (2008) Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytol 179(4):945–963
Foti R, Abureni K, Tigere A, Gotosa J, Gere J (2008) The efficacy of different seed priming osmotica on the establishment of maize (Zea mays L.) caryopses. J Arid Environ 72(6):1127–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.008
Fu J, Huang B (2001) Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environ Exp Bot 45(2):105–114
Fujita M, Fujita Y, Noutoshi Y, Takahashi F, Narusaka Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2006) Crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses: a current view from the points of convergence in the stress signaling networks. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9(4):436–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.014
Gajalakshmi S, Iswarya V, Ashwini R, Divya G, Mythili S, Sathiavelu A (2012) Evaluation of heavy metals in medicinal plants growing in Vellore District. Eur J Exp Biol 2(5):1457–1461
Gao Y-P, Bonham-Smith PC, Gusta LV (2002) The role of peroxiredoxin antioxidant and calmodulin in ABA-primed seeds of Brassica napus exposed to abiotic stresses during germination. J Plant Physiol 159(9):951–958. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00782
Garg B (2003) Nutrient uptake and management under drought: nutrient-moisture interaction. Curr Agric 27(1/2):1–8
Gaspar T, Franck T, Bisbis B, Kevers C, Jouve L, Hausman J-F, Dommes J (2002) Concepts in plant stress physiology. Application to plant tissue cultures. Plant Growth Regul 37(3):263–285
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Esmaeilpour B (2008) The effect of salt priming on the performance of differentially matured cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds. Notulae Botanicae Hortic Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 36(2):67
Giri J (2011) Glycinebetaine and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signal Behav 6(11):1746–1751. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17801
Guan Y-J, Hu J, Wang X-J, Shao C-X (2009) Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 10(6):427–433. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820373
Gul B, Khan MA (2004) Effect of growth regulators and osmotica in alleviating salinity effects on the germination of Salicornia utahensis. Pak J Bot 35(5; SPI):885–894
Haghpanah A, Younesi O, Moradi A (2009) The effect of priming on seedling emergence of differentially matured sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) seeds. J Appl Sci Res 5:729–732
Hall A (2001) Crop developmental responses to temperature, photoperiod, and light quality. In: Crop response to environment, pp 83–87
Hall J (2002) Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J Exp Bot 53(366):1–11
Hancock JT, Neill SJ, Wilson ID (2011) Nitric oxide and ABA in the control of plant function. Plant Sci 181(5):555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.03.017
Harada E, Kim J-A, Meyer AJ, Hell R, Clemens S, Choi Y-E (2010) Expression profiling of tobacco leaf trichomes identifies genes for biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant Cell Physiol 51(10):1627–1637
Harb E (1992) Effect of soaking seeds in some growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, some chemical constituents and yield of faba bean and cotton plants. Bull Fac Agric Cairo Univ (Egypt) 43:429–452
Harris D, Tripathi R, Joshi A (2002) On-farm seed priming to improve crop establishment and yield in dry direct-seeded rice. In: Direct seeding: research strategies and opportunities. International Research Institute, Manila, pp 231–240
Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, da Silva JAT, Fujita M (2012) Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: antioxidant defense is a key factor. In: Crop stress and its management: perspectives and strategies. Springer, pp 261–315
Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Fujita M, Ahmad P, Chandna R, Prasad M, Ozturk M (2013) Enhancing plant productivity under salt stress: relevance of poly-omics. In: Salt stress in plants. Springer, pp 113–156
Hauser M-T (2014) Molecular basis of natural variation and environmental control of trichome patterning. Front Plant Sci 5:320
Howarth C (2005) Genetic improvements of tolerance to high temperature. In: Ashraf M, Harris PJC (eds) Abiotic stresses–plant resistance through breeding and molecular approaches. The Haworth Press, New York, pp 277–300
Hua-Long L, Han-Jing S, Jing-Guo W, Yang L, De-Tang Z, Hong-Wei Z (2014) Effect of seed soaking with exogenous proline on seed germination of rice under salt stress. J Northeast Agric Univ (Engl Ed) 21(3):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-8104(14)60062-3
Iba K (2002) Acclimative response to temperature stress in higher plants: approaches of gene engineering for temperature tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol 53(1):225–245
Iqbal M, Ashraf M (2005) Changes in growth, photosynthetic capacity and ionic relations in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to pre-sowing seed treatment with polyamines. Plant Growth Regul 46(1):19–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-5901-8
Iqbal M, Ashraf M (2007) Seed preconditioning modulates growth, ionic relations, and photosynthetic capacity in adult plants of hexaploid wheat under salt stress. J Plant Nutr 30(3):381–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160601171330
Iqbal M, Ashraf M, Jamil A, Ur-Rehman S (2006) Does seed priming induce changes in the levels of some endogenous plant hormones in hexaploid wheat plants under salt stress? J Integr Plant Biol 48(2):181–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00181.x
Islam MM, Hoque MA, Okuma E, Banu MNA, Shimoishi Y, Nakamura Y, Murata Y (2009) Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase antioxidant enzyme activities and confer tolerance to cadmium stress in cultured tobacco cells. J Plant Physiol 166(15):1587–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2009.04.002
Jafar MZ, Farooq M, Cheema MA, Afzal I, Basra SMA, Wahid MA, Aziz T, Shahid M (2012) Improving the performance of wheat by seed priming under saline conditions. J Agron Crop Sci 198(1):38–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00485.x
Jain M, Mathur G, Koul S, Sarin N (2001) Ameliorative effects of proline on salt stress-induced lipid peroxidation in cell lines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Cell Rep 20(5):463–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990100353
Jain N, Kulkarni MG, van Staden J (2006) A butenolide, isolated from smoke, can overcome the detrimental effects of extreme temperatures during tomato seed germination. Plant Growth Regul 49(2):263–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9136-0
Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Manivannan P, Panneerselvam R (2007a) Responses of antioxidant defense system of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. to paclobutrazol treatment under salinity. Acta Physiol Plant 29(3):205–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0025-6
Jaleel CA, Manivannan P, Sankar B, Kishorekumar A, Sankari S, Panneerselvam R (2007b) Paclobutrazol enhances photosynthesis and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. Process Biochem 42(11):1566–1570
Jaleel CA, Riadh K, Gopi R, Manivannan P, Ines J, Al-Juburi HJ, Chang-Xing Z, Hong-Bo S, Panneerselvam R (2009) Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constraints. Acta Physiol Plant 31(3):427–436
Jett LW, Welbaum GE, Morse RD (1996) Effects of matric and osmotic priming treatments on broccoli seed germination. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 121(3):423–429
Jisha KC, Vijayakumari K, Puthur JT (2013) Seed priming for abiotic stress tolerance: an overview. Acta Physiol Plant 35(5):1381–1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1186-5
Jozefczak M, Remans T, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A (2012) Glutathione is a key player in metal-induced oxidative stress defenses. Int J Mol Sci 13(3):3145–3175
Kalaji HM, Bosa K, Kościelniak J, Żuk-Gołaszewska K (2011) Effects of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and CO 2 assimilation of two Syrian barley landraces. Environ Exp Bot 73:64–72
Kamran M, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M, Akram NA (2009) Alleviation of drought-induced adverse effects in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using proline as a pre-sowing seed treatment. Pak J Bot 41(2):621–632
Kaur G, Asthir B (2015) Proline: a key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Biol Plant 59(4):609–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0549-3
Kaur S, Gupta AK, Kaur N (2002) Effect of osmo- and hydropriming of chickpea seeds on seedling growth and carbohydrate metabolism under water deficit stress. Plant Growth Regul 37(1):17–22. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1020310008830
Kaur S, Gupta AK, Kaur N (2005) Seed priming increases crop yield possibly by modulating enzymes of sucrose metabolism in chickpea. J Agron Crop Sci 191(2):81–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2004.00140.x
Kaur G, Athar M, Alam MS (2008) Quercus infectoria galls possess antioxidant activity and abrogates oxidative stress-induced functional alterations in murine macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 171(3):272–282
Kaur D, Grewal S, Kaur J, Singh S (2017) Differential proline metabolism in vegetative and reproductive tissues determine drought tolerance in chickpea. Biol Plant 61(2):359–366
Kaya MD, Okçu G, Atak M, Çıkılı Y, Kolsarıcı Ö (2006) Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur J Agron 24(4):291–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001
Khalil SK, Mexal JG, Murray LW (2001) Germination of soybean seed primed in aerated solution of polyethylene glycol 8000. Online J Biol Sci 1(3):105–107
Khan MA, Gul B, Weber DJ (2002) Improving seed germination of Salicornia rubra (Chenopodiaceae) under saline conditions using germination-regulating chemicals. West N Am Nat 62:101–105
Khan MB, Gurchani MA, Hussain M, Freed S, Mahmood K (2011) Wheat seed enhancement by vitamin and hormonal priming. Pak J Bot 43(3):1495–1499
Korkmaz A, Pill W (2003) The effect of different priming treatments and storage conditions on germination performance of lettuce seeds. Eur J Hortic Sci 68:260–265
Kulkarni MG, Sparg SG, Light ME, Van Staden J (2006) Stimulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling vigour by smoke-water and butenolide. J Agron Crop Sci 192(5):395–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00213.x
Kumar A, Maiti SK (2013) Availability of chromium, nickel and other associated heavy metals of ultramafic and serpentine soil/rock and in plants. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 3(2):256–268
Kumar M, Sirhindi G, Bhardwaj R, Kumar S, Jain G (2010) Effect of exogenous H 2 O 2 on antioxidant enzymes of Brassica juncea L. seedlings in relation to 24-epibrassinolide under chilling stress
Lazaridou M, Noitsakis B (2003) The effect of water deficit on yield and water use efficiency of lucerne. In: Optimal forage systems for animal production and the environment. Proceedings of the 12th symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Pleven, Bulgaria, 26–28 May 2003. Bulgarian Association for Grassland and Forage Production (BAGFP), pp 344–347
Lee S, Moon JS, Domier LL, Korban SS (2002) Molecular characterization of phytochelatin synthase expression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 40(9):727–733
Li J, Yin LY, Jongsma MA, Wang CY (2011) Effects of light, hydropriming and abiotic stress on seed germination, and shoot and root growth of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium). Ind Crop Prod 34(3):1543–1549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.05.012
Manickavelu A, Nadarajan N, Ganesh S, Gnanamalar R, Babu RC (2006) Drought tolerance in rice: morphological and molecular genetic consideration. Plant Growth Regul 50(2–3):121–138
Manjunatha G, Raj SN, Shetty NP, Shetty HS (2008) Nitric oxide donor seed priming enhances defense responses and induces resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease. Pestic Biochem Physiol 91(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.11.012
Marschner H (2011) Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic, London
Maughan S, Foyer CH (2006) Engineering and genetic approaches to modulating the glutathione network in plants. Physiol Plant 126(3):382–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00684.x
McWilliams D (2003) Drought strategies for cotton, cooperative extension service circular 582, College of Agriculture and Home Economics. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress. Pol J Environ Stud 15(4):523–530
Miller G, Honig A, Stein H, Suzuki N, Mittler R, Zilberstein A (2009) Unraveling Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-proline cycle in plants by uncoupled expression of proline oxidation enzymes. J Biol Chem 284(39):26482–26492
Mirza H, Hossain MA, Fujita M (2010) Selenium in higher plants: physiological role, antioxidant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. J Plant Sci 5(4):354–375
Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7(9):405–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
Mohanty M, Patra HK (2013) Effect of ionic and chelate assisted hexavalent chromium on mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. wilczek. var k-851) during seedling growth. J Stress Physiol Biochem 9(2):232–241
Monakhova O, Chernyad’ev I (2002) Protective role of kartolin-4 in wheat plants exposed to soil draught. Appl Biochem Microbiol 38(4):373–380
Moradi A, Younesi O (2009) Effects of osmo-and hydro-priming on seed parameters of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Aust J Basic Appl Sci 3(3):1696–1700
Mourato M, Reis R, Martins LL (2012) Characterization of plant antioxidative system in response to abiotic stresses: a focus on heavy metal toxicity. In: Advances in selected plant physiology aspects. InTech
Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A (2006) Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot 57(5):1025–1043
Nagajyoti P, Lee K, Sreekanth T (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 8(3):199–216
Nam N, Chauhan Y, Johansen C (2001) Effect of timing of drought stress on growth and grain yield of extra-short-duration pigeonpea lines. J Agric Sci 136(2):179–189
Nath K, Singh D, Shyam S, Sharma YK (2008) Effect of chromium and tannery effluent toxicity on metabolism and growth in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L. Saviex Hassk) seedling. Res Environ Life Sci 1(3):91–94
Nawaz A, Amjad M, Pervez MA, Afzal I (2011) Effect of halopriming on germination and seedling vigor of tomato. Afr J Agric Res 6(15):3551–3559
Nematshahi N, Lahouti M, Ganjeali A (2012) Accumulation of chromium and its effect on growth of (Allium cepa cv. Hybrid). Eur J Exp Biol 2:969–974
Nerd A, Nobel PS (1991) Effects of drought on water relations and nonstructural carbohydrates in cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica. Physiol Plant 81(4):495–500
Okçu G, Kaya MD, Atak M (2005) Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turk J Agric For 29(4):237–242
Oliveira H (2012) Chromium as an environmental pollutant: insights on induced plant toxicity. J Bot 2012:1–8
Ozbingol N, Corbineau F, Come D (1998) Responses of tomato seeds to osmoconditioning as related to temperature and oxygen. Seed Sci Res 8(3):377–384
Panda S, Choudhury S (2005) Chromium stress in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17(1):95–102
Papageorgiou GC, Murata N (1995) The unusually strong stabilizing effects of glycine betaine on the structure and function of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II complex. Photosynth Res 44(3):243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00048597
Parida AK, Das AB (2005) Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60(3):324–349
Parihar P, Singh S, Singh R, Singh VP, Prasad SM (2015) Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(6):4056–4075
Park E-J, Jeknic Z, Sakamoto A, Denoma J, Murata N, Chen TH (2003) Genetic engineering of cold-tolerant tomato via glycinebetaine biosynthesis. Cryobiol Cryotechnol 49:77–85
Park E-J, Jeknić Z, Sakamoto A, DeNoma J, Yuwansiri R, Murata N, Chen THH (2004) Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in tomato protects seeds, plants, and flowers from chilling damage. Plant J 40(4):474–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02237.x
Park E-J, Jeknic Z, Chen TH (2006) Exogenous application of glycinebetaine increases chilling tolerance in tomato plants. Plant Cell Physiol 47(6):706–714
Patade VY, Bhargava S, Suprasanna P (2009) Halopriming imparts tolerance to salt and PEG induced drought stress in sugarcane. Agric Ecosyst Environ 134(1):24–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.003
Peuke A, Schraml C, Hartung W, Rennenberg H (2002) Identification of drought-sensitive beech ecotypes by physiological parameters. New Phytol 154(2):373–387
Posmyk MM, Janas KM (2007) Effects of seed hydropriming in presence of exogenous proline on chilling injury limitation in Vigna radiata L. seedlings. Acta Physiol Plant 29(6):509–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0061-2
Rai V, Vajpayee P, Singh SN, Mehrotra S (2004) Effect of chromium accumulation on photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress defense system, nitrate reduction, proline level and eugenol content of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Plant Sci 167(5):1159–1169
Randhir R, Shetty K (2005) Developmental stimulation of total phenolics and related antioxidant activity in light- and dark-germinated corn by natural elicitors. Process Biochem 40(5):1721–1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.064
Rashid A, Harris D, Hollington P, Ali S (2004) On-farm seed priming reduces yield losses of mungbean (Vigna radiata) associated with mungbean yellow mosaic virus in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Crop Prot 23(11):1119–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.04.002
Rashid A, Hollington PA, Harris D, Khan P (2006) On-farm seed priming for barley on normal, saline and saline–sodic soils in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Eur J Agron 24(3):276–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.10.006
Rastgoo L, Alemzadeh A, Afsharifar A (2011) Isolation of two novel isoforms encoding zinc-and copper-transporting P1B-ATPase from Gouan (Aeluropus littoralis). Plant Omics J 4(7):377–383
Rathinasabapathi B (2000) Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways. Ann Bot 86(4):709–716
Reddy CS, Smith JD (1978) Effects of delayed post treatment of gamma-irradiated seed with cysteine on the growth of Sorghum bicolor seedlings. Environ Exp Bot 18(4):241–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(78)90050-3
Rhodes D, Hanson A (1993) Quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 44(1):357–384
Rithichai P, Sampantharat P, Jirakiattikul Y (2009) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum l.) seed quality as affected by accelerated aging and subsequent hydropriming. Asian J Food Agro Ind 1:217–221
Rouhi HR, Afshari RT, Moosavi SA, Gharineh MH (2010) Effects of osmopriming on germination and vigour traits of bersim clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Notulae Sci Biol 2(4):59
Rouhi HR, Aboutalebian MA, Sharif-Zadeh F (2011) Effects of hydro and osmopriming on drought stress tolerance during germination in four grass species. Int J Agrisience 1(2):107–114
Roy D, Basu N, Bhunia A, Banerjee SK (1993) Counteraction of exogenous L-proline with NaCl in salt-sensitive cultivar of rice. Biol Plant 35(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02921122
Ruan S, Xue Q (2002) Effects of chitosan coating on seed germination and salt-tolerance of seedling in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zuo Wu Xue Bao 28(6):803–808
Rubluo A (1982) The effect of L-cysteine on presoaked barley seeds treated with methyl methanesulfonate. Experientia 38(3):326–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01949371
Sadak MS, Mostafa HA (2015) Physiological role of pre-sowing seed with proline on some growth, biochemical aspects, yield quantity and quality of two sunflower cultivars grown under seawater salinity stress. Sci Agric 9(1):60–69
Saha P, Chatterjee P, Biswas AK (2010) NaCl pretreatment alleviates salt stress by enhancement of antioxidant defense system and osmolyte accumulation in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Sahu M, Kumawat S, D’souza S, Ramaswamy N, Singh G (2005) Sulphydryl bioregulator technology for increasing mustard production. Research Bulletin RAU-BARC, pp 1–52
Sakamoto A, Murata N (2000) Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in plants: current status and implications for enhancement of stress tolerance. J Exp Bot 51(342):81–88
Sakamoto A, Murata N (2002) The role of glycine betaine in the protection of plants from stress: clues from transgenic plants. Plant Cell Environ 25(2):163–171
Salama KH, Mansour MM, Hassan NS (2011) Choline priming improves salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aust J Basic Appl Sci 5:126–132
Samantaray S, Rout GR, Das P (1998) Role of chromium on plant growth and metabolism. Acta Physiol Plant 20(2):201–212
Samarah NH (2005) Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. Agron Sustain Dev 25(1):145–149
Sarwar N, Yousaf S, Jamil FF (2006) Induction of salt tolerance in chickpea by using simple and safe chemicals. Pak J Bot 38(2):325
Savvides A, Ali S, Tester M, Fotopoulos V (2016) Chemical priming of plants against multiple abiotic stresses: mission possible? Trends Plant Sci 21(4):329–340
Schutzendubel A, Polle A (2002) Plant responses to abiotic stresses: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. J Exp Bot 53(372):1351–1365
Sebastiani L, Scebba F, Tognetti R (2004) Heavy metal accumulation and growth responses in poplar clones Eridano (Populus deltoides× maximowiczii) and I-214 (P.× euramericana) exposed to industrial waste. Environ Exp Bot 52(1):79–88
Sedghi M, Nemati A, Amanpour-Balaneji B, Gholipouri A (2010) Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Appl Sci J 11(5):604–609
Shahrokhi M, Tehranifar A, Hadizadeh H, Selahvarzi Y (2011) Effect of drought stress and paclobutrazol-treated seeds on physiological response of Festuca arundinacea L. master and Lolium perenne L. barrage. J Biol Environ Sci 5(14):77–85
Shakirova FM, Sakhabutdinova AR, Bezrukova MV, Fatkhutdinova RA, Fatkhutdinova DR (2003) Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Sci 164(3):317–322
Shanker AK, Cervantes C, Loza-Tavera H, Avudainayagam S (2005) Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ Int 31(5):739–753
Shao C, Hu J, Song W, Hu W (2005) Effects of seed priming with chitosan solutions of different acidity on seed germination and physiological characteristics of maize seedling. J Zhejiang Univ (Agric Life Sci) 31(6):705–708
Sharma SS, Dietz K-J (2006) The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress. J Exp Bot 57(4):711–726
Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M (2012) Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot 2012:1–26
Siddique M, Hamid A, Islam M (2000) Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Bot Bull Acad Sin 41:35–39
Singh B, Rao G (1993) Effects of chemical soaking of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed on vigour index. Indian J Agric Sci 2:232–233
Singh HP, Mahajan P, Kaur S, Batish DR, Kohli RK (2013) Chromium toxicity and tolerance in plants. Environ Chem Lett 11(3):229–254
Sivritepe HÖ, Sivritepe N, Eriş A, Turhan E (2005) The effects of NaCl pre-treatments on salt tolerance of melons grown under long-term salinity. Sci Hortic 106(4):568–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.05.011
Somerville C, Briscoe J (2001) Genetic engineering and water. American Association for the Advancement of Science
Srivastava S, Jain R (2011) In-situ monitoring of chromium cytotoxicity in sugarcane. J Environ Biol 32(6):759
Srivastava A, Ramaswamy N, Mukopadhyaya R, Jincy MC, D’Souza S (2008) Thiourea modulates the expression and activity profile of mtATPase under salinity stress in seeds of Brassica juncea. Ann Bot 103(3):403–410
Srivastava AK, Lokhande VH, Patade VY, Suprasanna P, Sjahril R, D’Souza SF (2010a) Comparative evaluation of hydro-, chemo-, and hormonal-priming methods for imparting salt and PEG stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Acta Physiol Plant 32(6):1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0505-y
Srivastava AK, Suprasanna P, Srivastava S, D’Souza SF (2010b) Thiourea mediated regulation in the expression profile of aquaporins and its impact on water homeostasis under salinity stress in Brassica juncea roots. Plant Sci 178(6):517–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.02.015
Su J, Hirji R, Zhang L, He C, Selvaraj G, Wu R (2006) Evaluation of the stress-inducible production of choline oxidase in transgenic rice as a strategy for producing the stress-protectant glycine betaine. J Exp Bot 57(5):1129–1135
Sulpice R, Tsukaya H, Nonaka H, Mustardy L, Chen THH, Murata N (2003) Enhanced formation of flowers in salt-stressed Arabidopsis after genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycine betaine. Plant J 36(2):165–176. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01873.x
Sultana N, Ikeda T, Mitsui T (2000) GA3 and proline promote germination of wheat seeds by stimulating α-Amylase at unfavorable temperatures. Plant Prod Sci 3(3):232–237
Sun Y-Y, Sun Y-J, Wang M-T, Li X-Y, Guo X, Hu R, Ma J (2010) Effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth under water stress in rice. Acta Agron Sin 36(11):1931–1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-2780(09)60085-7
Sung JM, Chiu KY (1995) Hydration effect on seedling emergence strength of watermelon seeds differing in ploidy. Plant Sci 110(1):21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(95)04183-U
Szabados L, Savouré A (2010) Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Sci 15(2):89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.009
Tavili A, Zare S, Enayati Z (2009) Hydropriming, ascorbic and salicylic acid influence on germination of agropyron elongation host. Seeds under salt stress
Tavili A, Zare S, Moosavi SA, Enayati A (2011) Effects of seed priming on germination characteristics of Bromus species under salt and drought conditions. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 10(2):163–168
Thakur P, Kumar S, Malik JA, Berger JD, Nayyar H (2010) Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: an overview. Environ Exp Bot 67(3):429–443
Thomas U, Varughese K, Thomas A, Sadanandan S (2000) Seed priming for increased vigour, viability and productivity of upland rice. Leisa India 4:14
Tiryaki I, Korkmaz A, Nas M, Ozbay N (2005) Priming combined with plant growth regulators promotes germination and emergence of dormant Amaranthus cruentus L. seeds. Seed Sci Technol 33(3):571–579
Todorov D, Karanov E, Smith A, Hall M (2003) Chlorophyllase activity and chlorophyll content in wild and mutant plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol Plant 46(1):125–127
Valko M, Morris H, Cronin M (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 12(10):1161–1208
Verbruggen N, Hermans C (2008) Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 35(4):753–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0061-6
Viehweger K (2014) How plants cope with heavy metals. Bot Stud 55(1):35
Vollenweider P, Günthardt-Goerg MS (2005) Diagnosis of abiotic and biotic stress factors using the visible symptoms in foliage. Environ Pollut 137(3):455–465
Wahid A, Rasul E, Rao R, Iqbal R (2005) Photosynthesis in leaf, stem, flower and fruit. Handb Photosynth 2:479–497
Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007a) Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environ Exp Bot 61(3):199–223
Wahid A, Perveen M, Gelani S, Basra SMA (2007b) Pretreatment of seed with H2O2 improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins. J Plant Physiol 164(3):283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.01.005
Wong HL, Sakamoto T, Kawasaki T, Umemura K, Shimamoto K (2004) Down-regulation of metallothionein, a reactive oxygen scavenger, by the small GTPase OsRac1 in rice. Plant Physiol 135(3):1447–1456
Xiong L, Zhu JK (2002) Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to osmotic stress. Plant Cell Environ 25(2):131–139. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00782.x
Xu J, Yin H, Li X (2009) Protective effects of proline against cadmium toxicity in micropropagated hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L. Plant Cell Rep 28(2):325–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0643-5
Xu S, Hu J, Li Y, Ma W, Zheng Y, Zhu S (2011) Chilling tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum induced by seed priming with putrescine. Plant Growth Regul 63(3):279–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-010-9528-z
Yadav PV, Kumari M, Ahmed Z (2011) Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Res J Seed Sci 4(3):125–136
Yagmur M, Kaydan D (2008) Alleviation of osmotic stress of water and salt in germination and seedling growth of triticale with seed priming treatments. Afr J Biotechnol 7(13):2156–2162
Yancey PH (1994) Compatible and counteracting solutes. In: Cellular and molecular physiology of cell volume regulation, pp 81–109
Yeh Y, Chiu K, Chen C, Sung J (2005) Partial vacuum extends the longevity of primed bitter gourd seeds by enhancing their anti-oxidative activities during storage. Sci Hortic 104(1):101–112
Zeid I, Shedeed Z (2006) Response of alfalfa to putrescine treatment under drought stress. Biol Plant 50(4):635–640
Zhang JX, Wang C, Yang CY, Wang JY, Chen L, Bao XM, Zhao YX, Zhang H, Liu J (2010) The role of Arabidopsis AtFes1A in cytosolic Hsp70 stability and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant J 62(4):539–548
Zhang Q, Rue K, Mueller J (2014) The effect of glycinebetaine priming on seed germination of six turfgrass species under drought, salinity, or temperature stress. Hortscience 49(11):1454–1460
Zhou ZS, Guo K, Elbaz AA, Yang ZM (2009) Salicylic acid alleviates mercury toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in roots of Medicago sativa. Environ Exp Bot 65(1):27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.06.001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ashraf, M.A., Akbar, A., Askari, S.H., Iqbal, M., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I. (2018). Recent Advances in Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Plants Through Chemical Priming: An Overview. In: Rakshit, A., Singh, H. (eds) Advances in Seed Priming . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0031-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0032-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)