Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence, Empathy and Perceived Social Pressure on Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intention: A Field Research

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Methodological Issues in Social Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Practice

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics ((SPBE))

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the role of emotional intelligence, empathy, and perceived social pressure on social entrepreneurial intentions among the students of premier technical universities in India using Shapero’s theory of entrepreneurial event as the research framework. The structural model adequately fit the data. The test showed the good fit of the model. The derived statistics of model fit are: CMIN/DF = 1.79, IFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95 and RMSEA = 0.033. All the three antecedents showed a statistically significant relationship with the mediators. Findings of this research study also suggest that students with emotional intelligence are more inclined towards social entrepreneurial activities. The finding of this research study will facilitate policymakers and educators for promoting social entrepreneurial activities at the university level. Based on these results, educators may review support system that will prove helpful for students. This is one of its kinds of research conducted in the Indian context. Findings of this research will be helpful in predicting how the intention process of Indian students is affected by emotional intelligence, empathy and perceived social pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1970). The prediction of behavior from attitudinal and normative variables. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6(4), 466–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(70)90057-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918. doi:<a data-auto=“link” href=“javascript:__doLinkPostBack(’’,’ss~~DI%20%2210.1037%2F0033-2909.84.5.888%22%7C%7Csl~~rl’,’’);” title=“Search for https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888” id=“link10.10370033-2909.84.5.888”>https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888</a>.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of personality. In Handbook of personality (pp. 154–196). Retrieved from http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-04371-006&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost.

  • Bandura, A., & Bandura, A. (1997). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales (pp. 307–337).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, E., & Truls, M. Y. (2004). A study of entrepreneurial intentions among a cohort MBAs—The extended bird model (pp. 1–12), June 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boren, A. E. (2010). Emotional intelligence: The secret of successful entrepreneurship? Leadership in Agriculture, 2, 54–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borman, W. C., Penner, L. A., Allen, T. D., & Motowidlo, S. J. (2001). Personality predictors of citizenship performance. International journal of selection and assessment, 9(1–2), 52–69, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boschee, J. (1995). Social entrepreneurship. Across the Board, 32(3), 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18, 63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of business venturing, 13(4), 295–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, I., & Santos, F. M. (2010). Scaling social innovations: The case of Gram Vikas (pp. 0–35). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1553070.

  • Datta, P. B., & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering women through social entrepreneurship: Case study of a women’s cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00505.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaning of “Social Entrepreneurship” (pp. 1–6). https://centers.fuqua.duke.edu/case/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/03/Article_Dees_MeaningofSocialEntrepreneurship_2001.pdf. Accessed on 20 July, 2019

  • Dees, J. G., & Elias, J. (1998). The challenges of combining social and commercial enterprise. Busines Ethics Quarterly, 8(1), 165–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drayton, W. (1993). Leading public entrepreneurs: Elections to the Ashoka fellowship: Years eleven and twelve. Ashoka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engle, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J. V., Schlaegel, C., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., et al. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen’s model of planned behavior. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 16(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011020063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, K. (2011). Heart over mind–An empirical analysis of social entrepreneurial intention formation on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour (Doctoral dissertation, Universität Wuppertal, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft/Schumpeter School of Business and Economics» Dissertationen).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzsimmons, J. R., & Douglas, E. J. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster, F., & Grichnik, D. (2013). Social entrepreneurial intention formation of corporate volunteers. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 153–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, G., Shimizu, C., Ciesinski, S., Davila, A., Hassan, S., Jia, N., & Morris, R. (2013, September). Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics (Vol. 11). World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, H. (2004). A multiplicity of intelligences: In tribute to Professor Luigi Vignolo. Retrieved February 11(1976), 2008. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.73.364.

  • Guzmán-Alfonso, C., & Guzmán-Cuevas, J. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention models as applied to Latin America. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25(5), 721–735. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811211254608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective (7th ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1038/259433b0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, R. (2004). Social enterprise: The new economic engine? Business Strategy Review, 15(4), 39–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, R., & Cowling, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship monitor. London: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haub, C., & Sharma, O. P. (2006). India’s population reality: Reconciling change and tradition. Population Bulletin, 61(3), 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockerts, K. (2015). The social entrepreneurial antecedents scale (SEAS): A validation study. Social Enterprise Journal, 11(3), 260–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-05-2014-0026.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockerts, K. (2017, January). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. In Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.12465abstract.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iakovleva, T., Kolvereid, L., & Stephan, U. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries. Education + Training, 53(5), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911111147686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo, E. (2011). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitudes. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 75–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanapuri, V. B., & Khandelwal, M. R. (2011). Scope for fair trade and social entrepreneurship in India. Business Strategy Series, 12(4), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111155179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kickul, J., & Krueger, N. (2004). A cognitive processing model of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentionality. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 2004, 607–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvereid, L., Iakovleva, T., & Kickul, J. (n.d.). An integrated model of entrepreneurial intentions. Stewart Satter Program in Social Entrepreneurship NYU—Stern School of Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18(1), 5–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. (2006). So you thought the intentions model was simple? Cognitive style and the specification of entrepreneurial intentions models. SSRN Electronic Journal, 10. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1150881.

  • Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18(3), 91–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(1), 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5, 315–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lans, T., Blok, V., & Wesselink, R. (2014). Learning apart and together: Towards an integrated competence framework for sustainable entrepreneurship in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 37–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L., Wong, P. K., Der Foo, M., & Leung, A. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccola Impresa/Small Business, 3, 11–35. Retrieved from http://congreso.us.es/gpyde/DOWNLOAD/a9.pdf.

  • Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample (No. 200607). Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F., Rodríguez-cohard, J. C., & Rueda-cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Ganly, K. (2009). Social entrepreneurship in rural India: A small step approach towards institutional change (Vol. 3, pp. 1–8).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Martí, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Noboa, E. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed. In: Social entrepreneurship (pp. 121–135). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcdonald, N. M., & Messinger, D. S. (2013). No the development of empathy: How, when and why. In Free will, emotions, and moral actions: Philosophy and neuroscience in dialogue (pp. 1–36).

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965–988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur’s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of business research, 58(6), 726–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olanrewaju, K. (2013). Demographics, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and locus of control as determinants of adolescents’ entrepreneurial intention. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(12), 59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, G. N. (1999). Social entrepreneurial leadership. Career Development International, 4(3), 140–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K. (2009). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid (Vol. 1, pp. 1–7), 2004. Philadelphia: Wharton School Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, G., Borgia, D., & Schoenfeld, J. (2005). The motivation to become an entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 42–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seth, S., & Kumar, S. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: A growing trend in Indian business. Entrepreneurial Practice Review, 1(3), 4–16. Retrieved from http://www.entryerson.com/epr/index.php/jep/article/viewFile/66/49.

  • Sewell, W. H., Jr. (1992). A theory of structure: Duality, agency, and transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 98(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1086/229967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-4822(03)00017-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapero, A. (1975). The displaced, uncomfortable entrepreneur. Psychology Today, 9(6), 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, 72–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, E., & de Bruin, A. (2013). Reconsidering capitalism: The promise of social innovation and social entrepreneurship? International Small Business Journal, 31(7), 737–746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35, 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M. (2012). Introduction to social entrepreneurship. Available at SSRN 2071186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Health, performance and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study of retail managers. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 18(2), 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonne, L. (2012). Innovative initiatives supporting inclusive innovation in India: Social business incubation and micro venture capital. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(4), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.06.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spear, R. (2005). Social enterprise for work integration in 12 European countries: A descriptive analysis. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 76(2), 195–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. (1920). Thorndike’s intelligence theory what is the Thorndike’s intelligence theory for in practice?

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. (1937). How we spend our time and what we spend it for. The Scientific Monthly, 44(5), 464–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, P., Bhat, A. K., & Tikoria, J. (2017). An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7(1), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban, B. (2013). Social entrepreneurship in an emerging economy: A focus on the institutional environment and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 11(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban, B., & Kujinga, L. (2017). The institutional environment and social entrepreneurship intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(4), 638–655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkataraman, S., & Shane, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. A., & Post, J. E. (1995). Catalytic alliances for social problem solving. Human Relations, 48(8), 951–973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 31(617), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, V., & Goyal, P. (2015). User innovation and entrepreneurship: Case studies from rural India. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zampetakis, L. A., Kafetsios, K., Bouranta, N., Dewett, T., & Moustakis, V. S. (2009). On the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(6), 595–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, R. (Ed.). (2009). An introduction to social entrepreneurship: Voices, preconditions, contexts (pp. 1–18). Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. T A Pai Management Institute, Manipal, India

    Preeti Tiwari

  2. Department of Management, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India

    Anil K. Bhat &  Jyoti

Authors
  1. Preeti Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anil K. Bhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jyoti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Preeti Tiwari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management and Labour Studies, Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Satyajit Majumdar

  2. School of Management and Labour Studies, Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Edakkandi Meethal Reji

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tiwari, P., Bhat, A.K., Jyoti (2020). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence, Empathy and Perceived Social Pressure on Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intention: A Field Research. In: Majumdar, S., Reji, E. (eds) Methodological Issues in Social Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Practice. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9769-1_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation