Abstract
In this country report we summarize the current development of OER in Mongolia from the point of view of eight factors. In order to write the report, we used a desk review of available policy frameworks related to the support of OER and the results of our survey from almost 600 teachers from Mongolia. As a result of the desk review, we conclude that the government of Mongolia is building necessary infrastructures to support OER but the policies that sustain the development of OER are not in place. Since the survey results tell us that teachers’ beliefs on the importance of using OER have positive influence on integration of OER into teaching activities, we conclude that successful use and adaptation of OER requires improvement of understanding and positive attitudes toward OER for the case of Mongolia. Public awareness of the importance of OER is also a necessary requirement.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Average Ranking of Using Sources by Age
Age | N | Mean rank | Age | N | Mean rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | 1.00 | 67 | 320.04 | R6 | 1.00 | 67 | 292.89 |
2.00 | 150 | 298.22 | 2.00 | 150 | 326.34 | ||
3.00 | 205 | 299.88 | 3.00 | 205 | 303.46 | ||
4.00 | 122 | 292.52 | 4.00 | 122 | 282.61 | ||
5.00 | 49 | 260.86 | 5.00 | 49 | 221.58 | ||
Total | 593 | Total | 593 | ||||
R2 | 1.00 | 67 | 306.64 | R7 | 1.00 | 67 | 309.13 |
2.00 | 150 | 316.37 | 2.00 | 150 | 314.77 | ||
3.00 | 205 | 305.21 | 3.00 | 205 | 299.53 | ||
4.00 | 122 | 268.70 | 4.00 | 122 | 285.26 | ||
5.00 | 49 | 260.59 | 5.00 | 49 | 244.64 | ||
Total | 593 | Total | 593 | ||||
R3 | 1.00 | 67 | 340.21 | R8 | 1.00 | 67 | 314.63 |
2.00 | 150 | 332.52 | 2.00 | 150 | 319.40 | ||
3.00 | 205 | 292.51 | 3.00 | 205 | 298.82 | ||
4.00 | 122 | 262.91 | 4.00 | 122 | 288.32 | ||
5.00 | 49 | 232.82 | 5.00 | 49 | 218.30 | ||
Total | 593 | Total | 593 | ||||
R4 | 1.00 | 67 | 314.87 | R9 | 1.00 | 67 | 318.34 |
2.00 | 150 | 325.97 | 2.00 | 150 | 311.76 | ||
3.00 | 205 | 301.73 | 3.00 | 205 | 301.93 | ||
4.00 | 122 | 270.52 | 4.00 | 122 | 276.48 | ||
5.00 | 49 | 230.03 | 5.00 | 49 | 253.11 | ||
Total | 593 | Total | 593 | ||||
R5 | 1.00 | 67 | 318.63 | ||||
2.00 | 150 | 310.60 | |||||
3.00 | 205 | 295.90 | |||||
4.00 | 122 | 291.39 | |||||
5.00 | 49 | 244.32 | |||||
Total | 593 |
Appendix 2: Average Ranking of OER Integrating into Teaching Practices by Locations
Locations | N | Mean rank | Locations | N | Mean rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TU1 | 1.00 | 149 | 329.77 | TU4 | 1.00 | 150 | 319.03 |
2.00 | 174 | 276.98 | 2.00 | 174 | 280.08 | ||
3.00 | 274 | 296.25 | 3.00 | 274 | 301.14 | ||
Total | 597 | Total | 598 | ||||
TU2 | 1.00 | 150 | 312.96 | TU5 | 1.00 | 150 | 303.53 |
2.00 | 174 | 282.75 | 2.00 | 174 | 302.14 | ||
3.00 | 274 | 302.77 | 3.00 | 274 | 295.62 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 | ||||
TU3 | 1.00 | 150 | 304.72 | TU6 | 1.00 | 150 | 314.25 |
2.00 | 174 | 286.90 | 2.00 | 174 | 292.01 | ||
3.00 | 274 | 304.64 | 3.00 | 274 | 296.18 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 |
Appendix 3: Average Ranking of OER Integrating into Teaching Practices by Engagement Levels
Engagement level | N | Mean rank | Engagement level | N | Mean rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TU1 | 1.00 | 125 | 364.30 | TU4 | 1.00 | 125 | 355.00 |
2.00 | 197 | 339.14 | 2.00 | 198 | 351.22 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 259.67 | 3.00 | 192 | 254.81 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 211.04 | 4.00 | 74 | 208.59 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 75.61 | 5.00 | 9 | 91.61 | ||
Total | 597 | Total | 598 | ||||
TU2 | 1.00 | 125 | 372.55 | TU5 | 1.00 | 125 | 372.62 |
2.00 | 198 | 356.50 | 2.00 | 198 | 353.26 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 245.80 | 3.00 | 192 | 249.51 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 188.28 | 4.00 | 74 | 191.35 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 91.06 | 5.00 | 9 | 56.83 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 | ||||
TU3 | 1.00 | 125 | 357.61 | TU6 | 1.00 | 125 | 350.24 |
2.00 | 198 | 346.44 | 2.00 | 198 | 346.72 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 257.46 | 3.00 | 192 | 264.64 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 211.47 | 4.00 | 74 | 206.04 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 80.39 | 5.00 | 9 | 68.11 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 |
Appendix 4: Average Ranking of Teachers’ Beliefs About Work-Related Advantages by Engagement Levels
Engagement level | N | Mean rank | Engagement level | N | Mean rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WRB1 | 1.00 | 125 | 385.05 | WRB4 | 1.00 | 125 | 378.93 |
2.00 | 198 | 343.91 | 2.00 | 198 | 348.97 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 247.29 | 3.00 | 192 | 248.89 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 198.24 | 4.00 | 74 | 190.01 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 80.50 | 5.00 | 9 | 87.83 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 | ||||
WRB2 | 1.00 | 125 | 375.02 | WRB5 | 1.00 | 125 | 396.06 |
2.00 | 198 | 345.96 | 2.00 | 198 | 346.79 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 255.14 | 3.00 | 192 | 243.64 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 191.11 | 4.00 | 74 | 182.29 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 66.11 | 5.00 | 9 | 73.50 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 | ||||
WRB3 | 1.00 | 125 | 367.49 | ||||
2.00 | 198 | 339.32 | |||||
3.00 | 192 | 256.55 | |||||
4.00 | 74 | 215.40 | |||||
5.00 | 9 | 86.89 | |||||
Total | 598 |
Appendix 5: Average Ranking of Teachers’ Beliefs About Student-Related Advantages by Engagement Levels
Engagement level | N | Mean rank | Engagement level | N | Mean rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SRB1 | 1.00 | 125 | 391.50 | SRB3 | 1.00 | 125 | 385.49 |
2.00 | 198 | 342.64 | 2.00 | 198 | 345.17 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 254.99 | 3.00 | 192 | 249.70 | ||
4.00 | 74 | 174.50 | 4.00 | 74 | 187.92 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 49.94 | 5.00 | 9 | 80.22 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 | ||||
SRB2 | 1.00 | 125 | 395.62 | SRB4 | 1.00 | 125 | 391.09 |
2.00 | 198 | 345.85 | 2.00 | 198 | 346.75 | ||
3.00 | 192 | 243.23 | 3.00 | 192 | 244.96 | ||
4.00 advantages | 74 | 187.37 | 4.00 | 74 | 184.04 | ||
5.00 | 9 | 67.28 | 5.00 | 9 | 100.83 | ||
Total | 598 | Total | 598 |
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Amarzaya, A. et al. (2020). Open Educational Resources in Mongolia. In: Huang, R., Liu, D., Tlili, A., Gao, Y., Koper, R. (eds) Current State of Open Educational Resources in the “Belt and Road” Countries. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3040-1_6
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