Skip to main content

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Parallel-Prefix Adders

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in VLSI and Embedded Systems

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 676))

Abstract

Binary adders are one of the most recurrent architectures in digital VLSI design, and the choice of adder architecture can boost or bust the overall performance of the design. Parallel-Prefix Adders are preferred over conventional adders for higher wordlengths. In this paper, a comprehensive, qualitative and quantitative analysis of popular Parallel-Prefix Adders for various wordlengths (N = 4, 8, 16 and 32) is presented. The adders are implemented using VHDL coding and Vivado 2016.2 HLx platform targeted for Basys3 board and compared on the basis of Device Utilization, Speed and Power Consumption. Results indicate that Kogge–Stone adder is the fastest adder with \(F_{max}\) = 104.93 MHz but is most area-power inefficient consuming 133 LUTs and 23.756 W power at 10 GHz. Sklansky adder is most power efficient consuming 22.857 W power at 10 GHz. Brent–Kung adder is area optimum consuming 62 LUTs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ashrafi A, Strollo A, Gustafsson O (2013) Hardware implementation of digital signal processing algorithms. J Elect Comput Eng 2013(782575):2

    Google Scholar 

  2. Woods R, Mcallister J, Turner R, Yi Y, Lightbody G (2008) FPGA-based implementation of signal processing systems, 1st edn. Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  3. Uma R, Vijayan V, Mohanapriya M, Pau S (2012) Area, delay and power comparison of adder topologies. Int J VLSI Des Commun Syst 3(1):153–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dimitrakopoulos G, Nikolos D (2005) High-speed parallel-prefix vlsi ling adders. IEEE Trans Comput 54(2):225–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Brent RP, Kung HT (1982) A regular layout for parallel adders. IEEE Trans Comput 31(3):260–264. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.1982.1675982

  6. Knowles S (2001) A family of adders. In: Proceedings 15th IEEE symposium on computer arithmetic, ARITH-15 2001, pp 277–281

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kogge PM, Stone HS (1973) A parallel algorithm for the efficient solution of a general class of recurrence equations. IEEE Trans Comput C-22(8):786–793

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ladner RE, Fischer MJ (1980) Parallel prefix computation. J. ACM 27(4): 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1145/322217.322232

  9. Han T, Carlson DA (1987) Fast area-efficient vlsi adders. In: 1987 IEEE 8th symposium on computer arithmetic (ARITH), pp 49–56

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sklansky J (1960) Conditional-sum addition logic. IRE Trans Electron Comput EC-9(2):226–231

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mittal A, Nandi A, Yadav D (2017) Comparative study of 16-order fir filter design using different multiplication techniques. IET Circ Devices Syst 11(3):196–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Poornima N, Bhaaskaran VSK (2015) Area efficient hybrid parallel prefix adders. Procedia Mater Sci 10:371–380. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211812815003077

  13. A comprehensive review on the vlsi design performance of different parallel prefix adders. Mater Today 11:1001–1009

    Google Scholar 

  14. Das S, Khatri SP (2008) A novel hybrid parallel-prefix adder architecture with efficient timing-area characteristic. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst 16(3):326–331

    Google Scholar 

  15. Roy S, Choudhury M, Puri R, Pan DZ (2013) Towards optimal performance-area trade-off in adders by synthesis of parallel prefix structures. In: 2013 50th ACM/EDAC/IEEE design automation conference (DAC), pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bahadori M, Kamal M, Afzali-Kusha A, Pedram M (2016) A comparative study on performance and reliability of 32-bit binary adders. Integration 53:54–67. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167926015001571

  17. Pudi V, Sridharan K, Lombardi F (2017) Majority logic formulations for parallel adder designs at reduced delay and circuit complexity. IEEE Trans Comput 66(10):1824–1830

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Rabaey JM, Chandrakasan A, Nikolic B (2008) Digital integrated circuits, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall Press, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ghosh S, Roy K (2011) Novel low overhead post-silicon self-correction technique for parallel prefix adders using selective redundancy and adaptive clocking. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst 19(8):1504–1507

    Google Scholar 

  20. Esposito D, De Caro D, Strollo AGM (2016) Variable latency speculative parallel prefix adders for unsigned and signed operands. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I 63(8):1200–1209

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Moghaddam M, Ghaznavi-Ghoushchi MB (2011) A new low-power, low-area, parallel prefix sklansky adder with reduced inter-stage connections complexity. In: 2011 IEEE EUROCON—international conference on computer as a tool, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  22. Xilinx (2019) 7 series FPGAs data sheet: overview. Available https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/data_sheets/ds180_7Series_Overview.pdf. Accessed 29 Nov 2019

  23. Digilent (2019) Digilent Basys 3 Artix-7 FPGA Board. Available https://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/1-54wqge.html. Accessed 25 Sep 2019

  24. Xilinx (2019) Vivado design suite user guide: power analysis and optimization. Available https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx2017_1/ug907-vivado-power-analysis-optimization.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2019

  25. Xilinx1 (2019) Vivado design suite user guide: design analysis and closure techniques. Available https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx2017_3/ug906-vivado-design-analysis.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2019

  26. Kahng AB, Lienig J, Markov IL, Hu J (2011) VLSI physical design: from graph partitioning to timing closure, 1st edn. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  27. Xilinx (2019) Vivado timing—where can I find the Fmax in the timing report? Available https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/57304.html. Accessed 25 Sep 2019

  28. Xilinx F (2019) Total negative slack vs worst negative slack. Available https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Welcome-Join/Total-Negative-Slack-vs-Worst-Negative-Slack/td-p/308077. Accessed 30 Nov 2019

  29. Altera (2012) Reducing power consumption and increasing bandwidth on 28-nm FPGAs, 2012. Available https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/wp/wp-01148-stxv-power-consumption.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2019

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Special Manpower Development Program for Chips to System Design (SMDP-C2SD) project under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India, for providing access to tools required to conduct this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sudhanshu Janwadkar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Janwadkar, S., Dhavse, R. (2021). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Parallel-Prefix Adders. In: Patel, Z., Gupta, S., Kumar Y. B., N. (eds) Advances in VLSI and Embedded Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 676. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6229-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6229-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6228-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6229-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics