Abstract
Water is a necessity for the survival of all living beings. Even though 71% of the Earth’s surface is water, there is still an acute shortage of potable water in many countries, as approximately 97.5% of Earth’s water is saltwater in the oceans and only 2.5% is freshwater in groundwater, lakes, and rivers. Thus, access to clean drinking water is a major issue that needs to be tackled immediately and efficiently. Currently, existing technologies for water purification such as multistage flash, multiple effect, vapor compression, reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange, electrodialysis, and capacitive deionization (CDI) require a lot of energy, leading to environmental pollution caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. It is also found that 70% of water supplied as input to these technologies is wasted, while methods such as RO remove important minerals, and hence, World Health Organization (WHO) standards do not deem this fit. The desalination of saline water using solar stills is an effective solution to overcome these problems. Solar energy is abundant, everlasting, economical and does not cause emission of greenhouse gases. Combining this worldwide availability and inexhaustible nature of solar energy with a desalination process, a water purification system is designed and operated. This paper proposes the design and application of a water purification system which will be beneficial for localities such as residential buildings and bungalows in densely populated cities where the rise in energy consumption has led to an increase in the carbon footprint, reduction in electric power supply, and higher energy costs along with the depletion of fossil fuels and other exhaustible energy sources. This design can be further modified and installed in arid regions and villages where grid electricity is not a feasible option to meet energy demands and water scarcity is prevalent.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
R. Saidur, E.T. Elcevvadi, S. Mekhilef, A. Safari, H.A. Mohammed, An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15, 4756–4764 (2011)
M. Eltawil, Z. Zhao, L. Yuan, Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Systems: Technologies and Economics-State of the Art (IWTC Alexandria, Egypt, 2008), pp. 1099–1136
M. Ali, H.E.S. Fath, P.R. Armstrong, A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15, 4187–4199 (2011)
G.M. Ayoub, L. Malaeb, Developments in solar still desalination systems: a critical review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(19), 2078–2112 (2012)
A. Agrawal, R.S. Rana, P. Srivastava, Heat transfer coefficients and productivity of a single slope single basin solar still in Indian climatic condition: experimental and theoretical comparison. Resour. Efficient Technol. 4(3), 466–482 (2017)
H.N. Panchal, H. Thakkar, Theoretical and experimental validation of evacuated tubes directly coupled with solar still. Therm. Eng. 63, 825–831 (2016)
H. McCracken, J. Gordes, Original: Understanding Solar Stills (VITA), (1985)
M. Thimmaraju, D. Sreepada, G.S. Babu, B.K. Dasari, S.K. Velpula, N. Vallepu, Desalination of Water (IntechOpen, 2018)
V. Velmurugan, K. Srithar, Performance analysis of solar stills based on various factors affecting the productivity—a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15(2), 1294–1304 (2011)
F.M. Ghanim, Mathematical modeling of a solar still. M.S. thesis, Dept. Mech. Eng, University of Khartoum, Sudan (2008)
K. Sampathkumar, An experimental study on single basin solar still augmented with evacuated tubes. Therm. Sci. (2012)
T. Arunkumar, K. Vinoth Kumar, A. Amimul, R. Jayaprakash, K. Sanjay, Experimental study on various solar still designs. ISRN Renew. Energy (2012)
M.B. Eberlein, Analysis and Performance Predictions of Evacuated Tubular Solar Collectors Using Air as the Working Fluid (University of Wisconsin, 1976)
N. Bao, The Mathematical Model of Basin-Type Solar Distillation Systems (IntechOpen, 2019). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83228
Photovoltaic Geographical Information System Homepage, https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#
Md.N.I. Sarkar, A.I. Sifat, S.M. Reza, Md. Sadique, A review of optimum parameter values of a passive solar still and a design for southern Bangladesh. Renew. Wind Water Solar 4(3) (2012)
H. Panchal, Performance investigation on variations of glass cover thickness on solar still: experimental and theoretical analysis. Technol. Econ. Smart Grids Sustain. Energy 1(7) (2016)
A. Santos, E. Hernandez, Experimental evaluation of a single slope solar still. TECCIENCIA 22(12) (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mulay, P., Rane, T., Kala, N., Thosar, A. (2021). Solar-Based Water Purification System for Urban Areas: A Case Study. In: Seyezhai, R., Karuppuchamy, S., Ashok Kumar, L. (eds) Recent Trends in Renewable Energy Sources and Power Conversion. Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0669-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0669-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0668-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0669-4
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)