Abstract
Corona viruses (CoVs) are enveloped RNA viruses that infect a broad array of avian and mammalian species, including humans. The existence of these viruses is believed to have occurred thousands of years ago as animal CoVs; bats, birds, rodents were reported to be natural reservoirs. They garnered scientific attention after their emergence as human pathogens, till date, seven corona viruses were reported to infect humans, with mild to moderate and/or severe respiratory illness. The ongoing pandemic COVID-19 is caused by one of such Corona viruses named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), which surprised all with its unprecedented transmission dynamics and etiology. This virus surged twice within a gap of a year all over the world and became a major health concern to many nations. Most of these Corona viruses transferred to humans through intermediate hosts. Here, in this chapter, we summarized the structural and genomic features of the Coronaviruses in general and emphasizing the SARS CoV-2 and added an account of the different vaccines and their production platforms in combating the pandemic. We briefly discussed the evolution of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their role in the surge of COVID-19 infections. We tried to give a brief account of the historical aspects, cross-species transmission, mutations/recombinations scenarios of CoVs with a note on their emergence as human pathogens and future prospects of recurrence.
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Acknowledgments
Authors would like to acknowledge the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi for Senior Research Fellowship Grant to Abhishek Pandeya IRIS No: 2017-2392; Award No.45/28/2018/IMM/BMS IRIS Cell No- 2017-2392; Raj Kumar Khalko- National Fellowship for Scheduled Tribes (NFST), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi (Award No: 201819-NFST-JHA-02141) & Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow for providing the necessary infrastructural and other essential facilities.
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Sobti, R.C. et al. (2021). Corona Viruses: Emergence, Evolution, and Recurrence. In: Sobti, R.C., Dhalla, N.S., Watanabe, M., Sobti, A. (eds) Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_1
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