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Communities of Microbial Enzymes and Biodegradation of Persistent Environmental Pollutants

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Ecological Interplays in Microbial Enzymology

Part of the book series: Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology ((EMB))

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Abstract

Enzymes are biocatalysts that potentiate the rate of substrate conversion into products. They are composed of amino acids with one or more polypeptide moieties. Microbial enzymes are the various enzymes of microorganisms’ source, which have wide scope of applications in medicine and industries, including the degradation of persistent environmental wastes. Persistent environmental pollutants have become a global environmental and health concern. Owing to the rapid technological advancement and development in industries, large quantities of persistent environmental pollutants are being let out into the ecosystem posing serious threats to living organisms, thereby deteriorating the environment. Several microbial enzymes are widely used in the decomposition of recalcitrant organic and inorganic wastes. Oxidoreductases and hydrolases constitute the major class of microbial enzymes utilized in biodegradation of environmental pollutants; oxygenases, laccases, and peroxidases are the superfamilies of the oxidoreductase class, whereas lipases, cellulases, and proteases constitute the superfamilies of hydrolytic enzymes widely employed for bioremediation. Bioremediation involves the use of enzymes of microbial origin or the whole cell in the breakdown or transformation of environmental pollutants into less toxic or nontoxic products. Polymeric compounds such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been degraded using microbial enzymes. The biodegradation process is, however, often impeded due to the incapability of microbial enzymes to hydrolyze the functional groups present.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria

    Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Muhammed Muhammed Saidu & Japhet Gaius Yakubu

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, The Federal Polytechnic Bida Niger State, Bida, Nigeria

    Abdullahi Dabban Idris & Aisha Bisola Bello

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  1. Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole
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  2. Muhammed Muhammed Saidu
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  3. Abdullahi Dabban Idris
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  4. Japhet Gaius Yakubu
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  5. Aisha Bisola Bello
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Correspondence to Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole .

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  1. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad TĂ©cnica de ManabĂ­, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Naga Raju Maddela

  2. Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

    Aransiola Sesan Abiodun

  3. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi University, Bihar, India

    Ram Prasad

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Oyewole, O.A., Saidu, M.M., Idris, A.D., Yakubu, J.G., Bello, A.B. (2022). Communities of Microbial Enzymes and Biodegradation of Persistent Environmental Pollutants. In: Maddela, N.R., Abiodun, A.S., Prasad, R. (eds) Ecological Interplays in Microbial Enzymology. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0155-3_12

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