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Fluid Management in Pediatric Neurosurgery

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Transfusion Practice in Clinical Neurosciences

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Abstract

Optimal fluid management is a cornerstone of pediatric neuroanesthesia. The primary aims of fluid therapy in pediatric neurosurgery are to maintain euvolemia and hemodynamic stability while avoiding dyselectrolytemia and imbalances in glucose and metabolic homeostasis. Hypervolemia, hypovolemia, dyselectrolytemia, and metabolic derangement can lead to significant morbidities in children. Fluid management requires careful consideration of the preoperative hydration and electrolyte status of the child, the nature of the surgery, potential for major blood loss, the need for osmotic diuretics, and the overall fluid balance. Isotonic crystalloids are the mainstay of fluid therapy in pediatric neurosurgical procedures. Intraoperative supplementation of dextrose-containing fluids is only required in some special circumstances. The volume and choice of osmotic fluids are guided by the specific needs of the surgery, institutional practice, and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters of the child.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Ritesh Lamsal & Navindra Raj Bista

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  1. Ritesh Lamsal
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  2. Navindra Raj Bista
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Correspondence to Ritesh Lamsal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Hemanshu Prabhakar

  2. Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, G B Pant Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Monica S Tandon

  3. Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Indu Kapoor

  4. Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Charu Mahajan

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Lamsal, R., Bista, N.R. (2022). Fluid Management in Pediatric Neurosurgery. In: Prabhakar, H., S Tandon, M., Kapoor, I., Mahajan, C. (eds) Transfusion Practice in Clinical Neurosciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0954-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0954-2_10

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