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Biotechnological Solutions to Improve Nitrogenous Nutrition in Nonlegume Crops

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Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria: Sustainable Growth of Non-legumes

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 36))

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Abstract

In many developing countries around the world, nitrogen availability greatly limits crop production. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) fertilization in industrialized countries has become unsustainable and lead to environmental consequences. It has therefore become necessary to find alternatives to chemical nitrogen fertilizers to ensure a secure, sustainable food production. Plants are unable to directly utilize the freely available N2 in the atmosphere, necessitating the chemical application of N fertilization. However, certain archaea and bacteria possess the ability to convert atmospheric N2 to ammonia, which can directly be utilized by plants for various biological processes. This opens engineering possibilities to improve the N nutrition in nonlegume plants, such as (1) applying nitrogenase to plant cells; (2) introducing legume symbiosis for nonlegumes; and (3) imparting the ability to associate with N2-fixing bacteria and/or other plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in nonlegumes. These are challenging biotechnological approaches, but the groundwork upon which these solutions may be implemented have been laid out by recent advances in the field. This chapter attempts to review and collect important up-to-date information on biotechnological solutions to improve N nutrition in nonlegume crops.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank University of Tehran for providing the necessary facilities for this study.

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Author(s) declares no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Etesami

  2. Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Horticulture, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea

    Byoung Ryong Jeong

  3. Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea

    Byoung Ryong Jeong

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  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

    Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari

  2. Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Rajendra Dobhal

  3. Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India

    Shrivardhan Dheeman

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Etesami, H., Jeong, B.R. (2022). Biotechnological Solutions to Improve Nitrogenous Nutrition in Nonlegume Crops. In: Maheshwari, D.K., Dobhal, R., Dheeman, S. (eds) Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria: Sustainable Growth of Non-legumes. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 36. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4906-7_4

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