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Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture pp 627–655Cite as

Eco-Intensified Breeding Strategies for Improving Climate Resilience in Goats

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Abstract

Goats are projected as an ideal climate adapted animal because of the various advantages associated with this species such as higher thermo-tolerance, drought tolerance, ability to survive on limited pastures, and high disease resistance. With the projected climate associated adversities such as high temperature, shrinking grazing lands, less feed, fodder and water resources, and emerging new diseases, goat farming seems to be the more profitable enterprise. With its exceptional adaptability to the adversities of climate change, goat farming seems to be the better option available for poor and marginal farmers across the globe to ensure their livelihood and food security. The main challenges associated with goat production are the improvement of the productive potential of the indigenous breeds and the conservation of indigenous germplasm. The phenotypic traits coat color, respiration rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, thyroid hormones, and other genotypic markers such as heat shock proteins and thyroid hormone receptors are considered reliable markers of metabolic adaptation of goat during heat. Study involving genome-wide selection signatures and genomic inbreeding has identified MTOR, MAPK3, SLC27, NR2F6, and DRD2 genes for thermal adaptation in goat. Further research efforts can help in identifying agro-ecological zone-specific goat breeds to be disseminated to the local farmers for obtaining optimum economic return. In addition, refinements in existing breeding programs to develop eco-intensified breeding strategies by incorporating traits governing production, adaptation, and low methane emission could revolutionize goat sector reducing the impact on the ecosystem.

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Abbreviations

ACACA:

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha

CBBP:

Community-based breeding programs

CSN3:

Kappa casein

EI:

Ecological intensification

ELFI:

Electrochemical lateral flow immunosensor

ELISA:

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

eNOS:

endothelial type III NOS

GEBV:

Genomic estimated breeding value

GH:

Growth hormone

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GS:

Genomic selection

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study

Hb:

Hemoglobin

HS:

Heat stress

HSP:

Heat shock proteins

HSPBAP1:

Heat shock 27 kDa associated protein 1

MAS:

Marker assisted selection

ME1:

malic enzyme 1

Ne-ELISA:

Nanoelectronic-enzyme linked immunosorbent assays

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PCV:

Packed cell volume

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

RT-qPCR:

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SPGE:

Screen-printed gold electrodes

T3:

Triiodothyronine

T4:

Thyroxine

TLR:

Toll like receptors

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    V. Sejian, M. V. Silpa, M. Bagath, C. Devaraj, G. Krishnan, M. R. Reshma Nair & R. Bhatta

  2. Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany

    M. V. Silpa & S. Koenig

  3. School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    S. S. Chauhan & F. R. Dunshea

  4. Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India

    M. R. Reshma Nair

  5. College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India

    J. P. Anisha

  6. Southern Reginal Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bangalore, India

    A. Manimaran

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  1. Department of Farm Forestry, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manoj Kumar Jhariya

  2. Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Arnab Banerjee

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Sejian, V. et al. (2021). Eco-Intensified Breeding Strategies for Improving Climate Resilience in Goats. In: Jhariya, M.K., Meena, R.S., Banerjee, A. (eds) Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_18

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