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Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering ((SSBSE,volume 16))

Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles have found various biomedical applications due to their intrinsic physicochemical properties. As the size decreases, the high surface area of particles gives rise to distinctive features, which are entirely different from that of a macro-sized structure. Several methods are involved in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles, and in general, it can be categorized into either bottom-up or top-down approaches. The top-down method consists of cutting down the bulk materials into nano-sized particles through physical, chemical, or mechanical treatments, whereas, in a bottom-up approach, nanoparticles are formed by joining individual atoms or molecules. The top-down approach produces metallic nanoparticles in naked form, which can further agglomerate and hence not suitable for biomedical applications. The bottom-up approach involves solid-state, liquid state, gas phase, biological, microfluidic-technology based, and other methods. Chemical reduction in the bottom-up approach is the most common method of metallic nanoparticle synthesis, which is flexible, simpler, inexpensive, and produces particles in homogenous form. Recently biological method of nanoparticle synthesis has become popular due to its toxic-free nature, inexpensiveness, sustainability, and eco-friendly. In this chapter, we describe the top-down and bottom-up approach and current trends in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles for biomedical purposes. Further, it explains how the parameters can be tuned to get metallic nanoparticles with the desired shape, size, morphology, composition and crystallinity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciate the financial support from the DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellowship under grant number IA/E/16/1/503062 and the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) under grant number ECR/2016/001945, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. We also acknowledge all authors and publishers who provided copyright permissions.

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  1. Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

    Kavitha Illath & Tuhin Subhra Santra

  2. Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

    Syrpailyne Wankhar

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan

    Loganathan Mohan & Moeto Nagai

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  1. Kavitha Illath
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  1. Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Tuhin Subhra Santra

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan

    Loganathan Mohan

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Illath, K., Wankhar, S., Mohan, L., Nagai, M., Santra, T.S. (2021). Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. In: Santra, T.S., Mohan, L. (eds) Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications. Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, vol 16. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_2

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