Skip to main content
Log in

Classification of central amazon lakes on the basis of their microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Twenty-four Central Amazonian Várzea and Ria lakes, lateral to the Rio Negro and the Rio Solimões, were studied for a year and are classified here in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. White water (W), mixed water (M) and black water (B) lakes are ranked according to bacterial densities, electrical conductivity, pH, DO, POC, Fe, Si02 and PO4 consumption in the following order W > M > B. The range of Vmax decreased as net primary production increased. Further differentiation among the three lake types is made on the basis of dominant algal species and species diversity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, H. L. 1969. Chemo-organotrophic utilization of dissolved organic compounds by planktic algae and bacteria in a pond. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. 54: 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, F. A. J., Williams, P. M. & Strickland, J. D. M. 1966. Photooxidation of organic matter in sea-water by Ultraviolet radiation, Analytical and other applications. Nature 211: 481–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L. C. 1964. The Amazon's rate of flow. Nat. Hist. 73: 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Düsing, F. 1973. Zur Stoffwechseldynamik der fließenden Welle: bakterieller Abbau gelbster organischer Komponenten. Thesis Univ. Kiel, 154 pp.

  • Fisher, T. R. 1979. Plankton and primary production in aquatic systems of the Central Amazon basin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62: 31–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fittkau, E. J. 1964. Remarks on limnology of Central Amazon rainforest streams. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 15: 1092–1096.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, R. J. 1967. The geochemistry of the Amazon River system: The factors that control the salinity and the composition and concentration of the suspended solids. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 78: 1203–1232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, P. A. 1976. Heterotrophic potentials and trophic status of ten New Zealand lakes. N.Z. Jour. Marine and Freshwater Res. 10: 91–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjessing, E. T. & Gjerdahl, T. 1970. Influence of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic humus. Vatten 26: 144–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gocke, K. 1975. Studies on short term variations of heterotrophic activity in the Fiel Fjord. Marine Biology 33: 49–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gocke, K. 1977. Heterotrophic activity. In: G. Rheinheimer, ed. Microbial Ecology of a Brackish Water Environment, pp. 198–222.

  • Hamilton, R. D. & Preslan, J. E. 1970. Observation on heterotrophic activity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 395–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargrave, B. T. 1973. Coupling carbon flow through some pelagic and benthic communities. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30: 1317–1326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbie, J. E. 1967. Glucose and acetate in freshwater. Concentrations and turnover rates. H. L. Golterman & R. S. Clymo, eds. Chemical Environment in the Aquatic Habitat. Proc. I.B.P. Symp. Amsterdam 10.10.1966. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, pp. 245–251.

  • Hobbie, J. E. 1969. Heterotrophic Activity. In: R. A. Vollenweider, ed. A. Manual on Methods for Measuring Primary Production in Aquatic Environments, Blackwell, London, pp. 146–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbie, J. E. & Wright, R. T. 1965. Bioassay with bacterial uptake kinetics: glucose in freshwater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 471–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbie, J. E. & Crawford, C. C. 1969. Respiration corrections for bacterial uptake of dissolved organic compounds in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 528–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A treatise on Limnology. Vol. 2. Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton, 660 pp. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jannasch, H. W. & Jones, G. E. 1959. Bacterial populations in sea water as determined by different methods of enumeration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 4: 128–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D. 1974. Tropical black-water rivers, animals, and most fruiting by the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 6: 69–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junk, W. J. 1970. Investigations on the ecology and productionbiology of the ‘floating meadows’ (Paspalo-Echinochloetum) on the middle Amazon. Amazoniana 2: 449–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznetsov, S. I. & Romanenko, V. L. 1964. Microbiological investigation of inland reservoirs. U.S. Dept. of Commerce Joint Publication Research Service. Paper no. 22: 802, Washington, D.C.

  • Lamanna, C., Malette, M. F. & Zimmerman, L. N. 1973. Basic Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marker, G. 1967. Ecological studies of some lakes of the Amazon Valley. Amazoniana 1: 91–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marxsen, J. 1976. Untersuchungen zu Struktur and Funktion der Bakterienpopulationen der flieβenden Welle in Mittelgebirgsbachen. Thesis Univ. Kiel, 306 pp.

  • Morgan, K. E. & Kalff, J. 1972. Bacterial dynamics in two high-arctic lakes. Freshwat. Biol. 2: 217–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Overbeck, J. 1975. Distribution pattern of uptake kinetic responses in a stratified eutrophic lake (Pluss-See ecosystem study IV). Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19: 2600–2615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, H. 1978a. Distribution of carbon, chlorophyll-a and pheopigments in the black water lake ecosystem of Central Amazon region. Arch. Hydrobiol. 82: 74–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, H. 1978b. Utilizacao de glucose por bacterial heterotroficas no ecosistema lacustre da Amazonia Central. Acta Amazonica 8: 225–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, H. 1979. Microbiology of the Central Amazon lakes. Amazoniana 4: 583–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, H. & Hill, G. in press. Bacterial biodynamics in the three Central Amazonian lakes Part I. Lago Tupé, a black water lake.

  • Redfield, A. C., Ketchum, B. H. & Richards, F. A. 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater. In: The Sea, Vol. 2 (Edited by Hill, N. N. pp. 67–77. Interscience, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rheinheimer, G. 1977. Regional and seasonal distribution of saprophytic and coliform bacteria. In: Microbial Ecology of a Brackish Water Environment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 121–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rzoska, J. 1978. On the nature of rivers with case stories of Nile, Zaire and Amazon. Junk b.v. Publishers, The Hague, 67 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. W. 1973a. Primary production of phytoplankton in the three types of Amazonian waters. II. The limnology of a tropical flood plain lake in Central Amazonia (Lago do Castanho). Amazoniana 4: 18–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. W. 1973b. Primary production in the three types of Amazonian waters. III. Primary productivity of phytoplankton in a tropical flood plain lake of Central Amazonia. Lago do Castanho. Amazonas, Brazil. Amazoniana 4: 379–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seki, H., Nakai, T. & Otobe, H. 1972. Regional differences on turnover rate of dissolved materials in the Pacific Ocean at summer of 1971. Arch. Hydrobiol. 71: 79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seki, H., Nakai, T. & Otobe, H. 1974. Turnover rate of dissolved material in the Philippine Sea at winter of 1973. Arch. Hydrobiol. 73: 238–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sioli, H. 1965. Zur Morphologie des Flußbettes des unteren Amazonas. -Naturwissenschaften 52: 5; 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sioli, H. 1975. Tropical River: The Amazon. In: B. A. Whitton, [ed]. River Ecology. In: Studies in Ecology. Vol. 2. Oxford, London, Blackwell Publ., 461–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, N. M. 1971a. Nutrient cycling I. Nutrient distribution in some Amazonian soils. Trop. Ecol. 12: 24–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, N. M. 1971b. Nutrient cycling II. Nutrient distribution in some Amazonian vegetation. Trop. Ecol. 12: 177–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straskraba, M. & Straskrabova, V. 1969. Eastern European lakes In: Symposium on eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives, pp. 65–97. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W. & Fleming, R. H. 1942. The oceans, their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaccaro, R. F. & Jannasch, H. W. 1966. Studies on heterotrophic activity in seawater based on glucose assimilation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11: 596–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaccaro, R. F. & Jannasch, H. W. 1967. Variation in uptake kinetics for glucose by natural populations in sea water. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12: 540–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel, H. L. 1967. Dissolved organic compounds and their utilization in two Marl Lakes. Hidrologiai Kozlony 47: 298–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. Saunders and Co. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. B. 1972. Nutrient levels and phytoplankton productivity in the estuary. In: Proc. Coastal Marsh and Estuary Management Symp. (Edited by Chabreck, R. H.), Louisiana State University, Div. Continuing Education. Boton Rouge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. T. & Hobbie, J. E. 1965. The uptake of organic solutes in lake water. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 22–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. T. & Hobbie, J. E. 1966. Use of glucose and acetate by bacteria and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Ecology 47: 447–464.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rai, H., Hill, G. Classification of central amazon lakes on the basis of their microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics. Hydrobiologia 72, 85–99 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016237

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016237

Keywords

Navigation