Abstract
Intergranular creep crack growth in metals at high temperatures is analysed by assuming that the crack advances when cavities coalesce on grain boundary facets approximately normal to the maximum principal tensile stress. The analyses are based on a material model that describes the nucleation and growth of grain boundary cavities, accounting for diffusive growth as well as growth by dislocation creep of the surrouding grains, and also incorporating the effect of grain boundary sliding. Plane strain center cracked panels are analysed by a numerical method that fully accounts for the development of damage in every point of the specimen, and the solutions are compared with crack growth rates predicted by a simple model based on the singular stress fields around the tip of a sharp crack. The development of crack growth rates and the general crack growth patterns predicted by this material model are determined for a range of material parameters, including cases where failure occurs at small strains as well as cases where failure occurs at large strains.
Résumé
On analyse la croissance d'une fissure de fluage intergranulaire dans les métaux à hautes températures en supposant que la fissure progresse lorsque s'effectue une coalescence de cavités sur les faces des frontières de grains, dans une direction sensiblement normale par rapport à la tension principale maximum. L'analyse est basée sur un modèle de matériau qui décrit la nucléation et la croissance des cavités aux frontières des grains. tenant compte à la fois d'une croissance diffusive et d'une croissance associée au fluage des grains voisins, et incorporant les effets de glissement des frontières de grain. On analyse des panneaux à fissure centrale en état plan de déformation à l'aide d'une méthode numérique qui tient compte au développement de l'endommagement en chaque point de l'éprouvette. On compare les solutions avec les vitesses de propagation de fissure dérivées d'un modèle simple basé sur les champs de contraintes singulières règnant autour de l'extrémité d'une fissure aiguë. Le développement des vitesses de croissance d'une fissure, et l'aspect général de la propagation d'une fissure prédits par ce modèle ont été établis pour une large gamme de paramètres de matériau, et en considérant aussi bien les cas où se produit une rupture sous de faibles déformations, que les cas où de grandes déformations sont requises.
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Tvergaard, V. Analysis of creep crack growth by grain boundary cavitation. Int J Fract 31, 183–209 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018927
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018927