Summary
Pollinating apple cultivars twice with compatible pollen at an interval of one or two days produced about twice as many seeds per pollinated flower as a single pollination. With the aid of scab- or mildew resistant ‘marker pollen’, it could be shown that the second pollen formed on average twice as many seeds as the first. The first pollen appears to ‘pave the way’-partly at its own cost-for the second and was therefore called ‘pioneer pollen’.
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References
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Visser, T., Verhaegh, J.J. Pollen and pollination experiments. II. The influence of the first pollination on the effectiveness of the second one in apple. Euphytica 29, 385–390 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00025137
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00025137