Skip to main content
Log in

Dynamic processes in risk perception

  • Published:
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article examines how public concern about different social problems changes over time in response to fluctuations in problem severity. Examining time series of concern and objective severity for nine different problems, both graphically and econometrically, we address three main questions. First, how closely does concern track fluctuations in problem severity? Second, what psychological processes mediate the relationship between concern and problem severity? Finally, what factor(s) distinguish between problems for which tracking is accurate and inaccurate?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamson, R.E., P. Henke, and D. O'Donovan. (1969). “Avoidance Conditioning Following Preadaptation to Weak Shock.” Psychomatic Science 14, 119–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen, P.B., and S.J. Kraus. (1987). “Intuitive Prediction by Extrapolation: The Stock Market, Exponential Growth, Divorce, and the Salience of Change,” Psychology Department working paper, Harvard University.

  • Bell, D. (1960). “The Myth of Crime Waves: The Actual Decline of Crime in the United States.” In The End of Ideology. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D.E. (1985). “Disappointment in Decision Making Under Uncertainty,” Operations Research 33(1), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. (1989). “Bubbles and Fads in Asset Prices: A Review of Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Economic Surveys 3, 3–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caute, D. (1978). The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, G.A., and C. Surprenant. (1982). “An Investigation into the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction,” Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 491–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Combs, B., and P. Slovic. (1979). “Causes of Death: Biased Newspaper Coverage and Biased Judgments,” Journalism Quarterly 56, 837–843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombs, C.H., and G.S. Avrunin. (1977). “Single-peakedness and the Theory of Preference.” Psychological Review 84, 216–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dionne, E.J. Jr. (1988). “Drugs as 1988 Issue: Filling a Vacuum,” New York Times May 24.

  • Einhorn, H.J., and R.M. Hogarth. (1986). “Judging Probable Cause,” Psychological Bulletin 99, 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D.A. (1985). “AIDS and Social Change,” Human Organization 44(4), 343–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastie, R. (1984). “Causes and Effects of Causal Attribution,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(1), 44–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastie, R., and P.A. Kumar. (1979). “Person Memory: Personality Traits as Organizing Principles in Memory for Behaviors,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-Level Theory: An Experimental and Systematic Approach to Behavior. New York: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janis, I. (1962). “Psychological Effects of Warnings.” In G.W. Baker and D.W. Chapman (eds.), Man and Society in Disaster. New York: Basic Books, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janis, I. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky. (1979). “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk,” Econometrica 47(2), 363–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, G. (1973). The Great Fear of 1789: Rural Panic in Revolutionary France. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, G. (1988). “Frames of Mind in Intertemporal Choice,” Management Science 34, 200–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, G., and D. Prelec. (1989). “Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation.” working paper, Center for Decision Research, University of Chicago.

  • Mandler, G. (1980). “The Generation of Emotion: A Psychological Theory,” In R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (eds.), Theories of Emotion. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, H. (1952). “The Utility of Wealth,” Journal of Political Economy 60(2), 151–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J.D., M. Wolfson, D.P. Baker, and E. Mosakowski. (1988). “The Founding of Social Movement Organizations: Local Citizen's Groups Opposing Drunken Driving.” In G.R. Carroll (ed.) Ecological Models of Organizations. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D.C., J.W. Atkinson, R.A. Clark, and E.L. Lowell. (1953). The Achievement Motive. New York: Appleton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morone, J.G., and E.J. Woodhouse. (1986). Averting Catastrophe: Strategies for Regulating Risky Technologies. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L. (1980). “A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions,” Journal of Marketing Research 17, 460–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L. and G. Linda. (1981). “Effect of Satisfaction and its Antecedents on Consumer Preference and Intention.” In K.B. Monroe (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 8. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp. 88–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrow, C. (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, R.M. (1961). “Stabilized Images on the Retina,” Scientific American 204, 72–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohatyn, F. (1988). “What Next?,” New York Review of Books, February 3–5.

  • Scitovsky, T. (1981). “The Desire for Excitement in Modern Society,” Kyklos 34, 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shilts, R. (1986). And the Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic. New York: St. Martin's.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H.A. (1967). “Motivational and Emotional Controls of Cognition.” Psychological Review 74, 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovic, P., B. Fischhoff, and S. Lichtenstein. (1978). “Facts versus Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk.” In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, and A. Tversky (eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, V.K., and R.G. Michaels. (1987). “How did Households Interpret Chernobyl? A Bayesian Analysis of Risk Perceptions,” Economics Letters 23, 359–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, V.L., G.L. Suchanek, and A.W. Williams. (1986). “Bubbles, Crashes, and Endogenous Expectations in Experimental Asset Markets,” Working Paper 86-2, University of Arizona Department of Economics.

  • Srull, T.K. (1981). “Person Memory: Some Test of Associative Storage and Retrieval Models,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 7, 440–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr, C. (1969). “Social Benefit vs. Technological Risk,” Science 165, 1232–1238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterman, J.D. (1989) “Modeling Managerial Behavior: Misperceptions of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision-Making Experiment,” Management Science, 35, 321–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stinchcombe, A.L., R. Adams, C.A. Heimer, K.L. Scheppele, T.W. Smith, and D.G. Taylor (1980). Crime and Punishment—Changing Attitudes in America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1987). Sixth Special Report to U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viscusi, W.K. (1985). “A Bayesian Perspective on Biases in Risk Perception,” Economics Letters 17, 324–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viscusi, W.K., and C.J. O'Connor. (1984). “Adaptive Responses to Chemical Labeling: Are Workers Bayesian Decision Makers?” American Economic Review 74, 942–956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlek, C., and P. Stallen. (1980). “Rational and Personal Aspects of Risk,” Acta Psychologica 45, 273–300.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

We thank Phillip Braun, Jean Brook-Gunn, William Lang, Mark Machina, Nachum Sicherman, Eric Wanner, Victor Zarnowitz, Mike Ziolkowski, and Christopher Henderson and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia for data, comments, and suggestions. Amy McCready's superb research assistance is also gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by grants from the Russell Sage Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the IBM Faculty Research Fund at the University of Chicago to the first author.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Loewenstein, G., Mather, J. Dynamic processes in risk perception. J Risk Uncertainty 3, 155–175 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056370

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056370

Key words

Navigation