Abstract
Hot-wire measurements were conducted in the very near wake (x/d⩽10) of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter, Re d of 3900. Measurements of the streamwise velocity component with the use of single sensor hot-wire probes were found to be inaccurate for such flowfields where high flow angles are present. An X-array probe provided detailed streamwise and lateral velocity component statistics. Frequency spectra of these two velocity components are also presented. Measurements with a 4-sensor hot-wire probe confirmed that the very near wake region is dominantly two-dimensional, thus validating the accuracy of the present X-array data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achenbach E (1968) Distribution of local pressure and skin friction around a circular cylinder in cross-flow up to Re = 5 × 106. J Fluid Mech 34: 625–639
Beaudan P; Moin P (1994) Numerical experiments on the flow past a circular cylinder at subcritical Reynolds number. Technical Report TF-62, Stanford University, Thermal Sciences Div., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Bloor M; Garrard J (1966) Measurements on turbulent vortices in a cylinder wake. Proc Royal Society A 294: 319–342
Bouard R; Coutanceau M (1980) The early stage of development of the wake behind an impulsively started cylinder for 40 < Re < 104. J Fluid Mech 101: 583–607
Bradshaw P (1971) An Introduction to Turbulence and its Measurement. Pergamon, NY
Browne L; Antonia R; Chua I (1989) Calibration of X-probes for turbulent flow measurements. Exp Fluids 7: 201–208
Brunn H (1972) Hot-wire data corrections in low and high turbulence intensity flows. J Phys E: Sci Instrum 5: 812
Buresti G; Di Cocco NR (1987) Hot-wire measurement procedures and their appraisal through a simulation technique. J Phys E: Sci Instrum 20: 87–99
Cantwell B; Coles D (1983) An experimental study of entrainment and transport in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder. J Fluid Mech 136: 321–374
Champagne F; Sleicher C; Wehrmann O (1967) Turbulence measurements with inclined hot-wires. Part 1. Heat transfer experiments with inclined hot-wire. J Fluid Mech 28: 153–176
Champagne F; Sleicher C (1967) Turbulence measurements with inclined hot-wires. Part 2. Hot-wire response equations. J Fluid Mech 28: 177–182
Farell C; Blessmann J (1983) On critical flow around smooth circular cylinders. J Fluid Mech 136: 375–391
Friehe C; Schwarz W (1968) Deviations from the cosine law for yawed cylindrical anemometer sensors. J Appl Mech 655–662
Gresko Jr LS (1988) Characteristics of wall pressure and near-wall velocity in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. Master's thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Johnson FD; Ecklemann H (1984) A variable angle method of calibration for X-probes applied to wall bounded turbulent shear flow. Exp Fluids 2: 121–130
Jorgensen F (1971) Directional sensitivity of wire and fiber-film probes. In: DISA information. Vol. 11, p. 31. DISA Electronics
Leuptow LM; Breuer KS; Haritonidis JH (1988) Computer aided calibration of X-probes using a look-up table. Exp Fluids 6: 115–118
Marasli B; Nguyen P; Wallace J (1993) A calibration technique for multiple-sensor hot-wire probes and its application to vorticity measurements in the wake of a circular cylinder. Exp Fluids 15: 209
Müller UR (1982) On the accuracy of turbulence measurements with inclined hot wires. J Fluid Mech 119: 155–172
Nguyen PN (1993) Simultaneous measurements of the velocity and vorticiity fields in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland
Roshko A (19954) On the development of turbulent wakes from vortex streets. Technical Report 1191, National Advisroty Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
Townsend A (1947) Measurements in the turbulent wake of a cylinder. Proc Roy Soc 190 A: 551–561
Townsend A (1949a) The fully developed turbulent wake of a circular cylinder. Australian J Sci Res 2A: 451–468
Townsend A (1949b) Momentum and energy diffusion in the turbulent wake of a cylinder. Proc. Roy Soc 197: 123–140
Willmarth W; Bogar T (1977) Survey and new measurements of turbulent structure near the wall. Phys Fluids 20: S9-S21
Wygnanski L; Champagne F; Marasli B (1986) On the large scale structures in two-dimensional, small deficit wakes. J Fluid Mech 168: 31–71
Yamada H; Kuwata Y; Osama Y (1989) Turbulence measurements in a two-dimensional turbulent wake. Technical Report 4, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
Zhou Y; Antonia R (1993) A study of turbulent vortices in the near wake of a cylinder. J Fluid Mech 253: 643–661
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study has been funded by the NASA-Ames University Consortium Cooperative Agreement, NCC2-5003. We wish to thank Patrick Beaudan for providing us with the LES results for comparison and Parviz Moin for his interest in and encouragement of this experiment to provide validation data for the LES. We also wish to thank loseph Murray for his help with the look-up-table data reduction program.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ong, L., Wallace, J. The velocity field of the turbulent very near wake of a circular cylinder. Experiments in Fluids 20, 441–453 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189383
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189383