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An experimental study of a turbulent wing-body junction and wake flow

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Abstract

Extensive measurements were conducted in an incompressible turbulent flow around the wing-body junction formed by a 3∶2 semi-elliptic nose/NACA 0020 tail section and a flat plate. Mean and fluctuating velocity measurements were performed adjacent to the wing and up to 11.56 chord lengths downstream. The appendage far wake region was subjected to an adverse pressure gradient. The authors' results show that the characteristic horseshoe vortex flow structure is elliptically shaped, with ∂ (W)/∂Y forming the primary component of the streamwise vorticity. The streamwise development of the flow distortions and vorticity distributions is highly dependent on the geometry-induced pressure gradients and resulting flow skewing directions.

The primary goal of this research was to determine the effects of the approach boundary layer characteristics on the junction flow. To accomplish this goal, the authors' results were compared to several other junction flow data sets obtained using the same body shape. The trailing vortex leg flow structure was found to scale on T. A parameter known as the momentum deficit factor (MDF = (Re T)2 (θ/T)) was found to correlate the observed trends in mean flow distortion magnitudes and vorticity distribution. Changes in δ/T were seen to affect the distribution of u′, with lower ratios producing well defined local turbulence maxima. Increased thinning of the boundary layer near the appendage was also observed for small values of δ/T.

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Abbreviations

C :

chord length of appendage

C f :

skin friction coefficient, τ w/0.5 (ϱ) (U ref)2

D :

cylinder diameter

G, k :

coefficients used in Eq. (1)

h :

helicity density, V · Ω

H :

boundary layer shape factor, δ */θ

MDF :

momentum deficit factor, (Re T)2 (θ/T)

Re ( ) :

Reynolds number based on ( )

T :

maximum thickness of appendage

u′, v′, w′ :

root mean square of X, Y, Z velocity fluctuations

\( - \overline {u\upsilon } , - \overline {uw} \) :

ttime-mean Reynolds stresses

U,V,W :

time-mean velocity components in X, Y, Z directions

U E :

local edge velocity

U ref :

reference velocity

U + :

velocity non-dimensionalized by the friction velocity, U/((τ w/ϱ)0.5)

X :

streamwise direction

X s :

location of primary separation (saddle point)

X v :

location of secondary separation (vortex position)

Y :

direction normal to X and Z

Y + :

Y coordinate expressed in wall units, Y(τ wϱ)0.5/gm

Z :

transverse, or spanwise direction

δ :

boundary layer thickness, defined by U/U E = 0.995

δ * :

boundary layer displacement thickness

θ :

boundary layer momentum thickness

μ :

coefficient of viscosity of air

ϱ :

density of air

τ w :

local wall shear stress in freestream direction

Ω x :

component of vorticity in the X direction

Subscript TC :

quantity presented in tunnel coordinate system

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    J. L. Fleming, R. L. Simpson, J. E. Cowling & W. J. Devenport

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  1. J. L. Fleming
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  2. R. L. Simpson
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  3. J. E. Cowling
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  4. W. J. Devenport
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Fleming, J.L., Simpson, R.L., Cowling, J.E. et al. An experimental study of a turbulent wing-body junction and wake flow. Experiments in Fluids 14, 366–378 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189496

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